Held T, Hawellek B, Dickopf-Kaschenbach K, Schneider-Axmann T, Schmidtke A, Möller H J
Rheinische Kliniken Bonn.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 1998 Nov;66(11):505-11. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-995291.
Patients with violent methods of parasuicide share a number of common characteristics with those who complete suicide. They can be differentiated from patients with non-violent methods. Whereas surgery is usually the first-line care in cases of violent parasuicide, detoxification and/or psychiatric hospitalisation are first employed with non-violent parasuicide. Therefore it is important to know the specific needs and characteristics of both patient groups, as it may be hypothesised that patients with violent methods are at specifically high risk of committing suicide. As part of the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide, we examined 120 cases of parasuicide in hospitals of the Bonn area with the instrument EPSIS 1. Violent and non-violent methods were differentiated following the WHO X-classification.
The following independent variables differentiate between violent and non-violent methods and predict the choice of violent methods: Diagnosis (schizophrenia vs. other diagnoses, p = 0.00027), gender (male, p = 0.04), high score of anger as a trait in State-Trait-Anger Scale (p = 0.017), poor mental health within the last 3 months (p = 0.058), time of parasuicide after 6 p.m. (p = 0.024). A higher number of previous parasuicides (p = 0.008) and unemployment (p = 0.047) were predictive of the choice of non-violent methods. A logistic regression analysis generated a model including the independent variables diagnosis, gender and "anger". Suicidal intent, sociodemographic variables, motives of parasuicides and "life events" did not discriminate between violent and non-violent methods.
采用暴力方式自杀未遂的患者与自杀成功者有许多共同特征。他们可与采用非暴力方式的患者区分开来。对于暴力自杀未遂病例，手术通常是一线治疗方法；而对于非暴力自杀未遂，首先采用的是戒毒和/或住院接受精神科治疗。因此，了解这两类患者群体的特定需求和特征很重要，因为可以推测采用暴力方式的患者自杀风险特别高。作为世界卫生组织/欧洲区域办事处自杀未遂多中心研究的一部分，我们使用EPSIS 1工具对波恩地区医院的120例自杀未遂病例进行了研究。根据世界卫生组织的X分类区分暴力和非暴力方式。
以下自变量可区分暴力和非暴力方式，并预测暴力方式的选择：诊断（精神分裂症与其他诊断，p = 0.00027）、性别（男性，p = 0.04）、状态-特质愤怒量表中作为特质的愤怒高分（p = 0.017）、过去3个月内心理健康状况差（p = 0.058）、下午6点后自杀未遂时间（p = 0.024）。既往自杀未遂次数较多（p = 0.008）和失业（p = 0.047）可预测非暴力方式的选择。逻辑回归分析生成了一个包含自变量诊断、性别和“愤怒”的模型。自杀意图、社会人口统计学变量、自杀未遂动机和“生活事件”在暴力和非暴力方式之间没有差异。
