Schene A H, van Wijngaarden B, Koeter M W
Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Schizophr Bull. 1998;24(4):609-18. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033352.
This article focuses on (1) the dimensionality of the caregiving concept; (2) the relation between the identified caregiving dimensions and characteristics of the patient, the caregiver, and their relationship; and (3) the relation between caregiving dimensions and caregiver distress. Findings are based on data from 480 members of the Dutch family organization for patients with schizophrenia/chronic psychosis who completed (1) the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ), which assesses general information (e.g., household characteristics), caregiving, help seeking, coping and distress, and (2) a questionnaire comprising questions on onset and course of the patient's disorder and symptoms characteristic of schizophrenic disorders. Four caregiving domains were found: tension, supervision, worrying, and urging. These domains were strongly related to the patient's symptomatology, contact between the relative and the patient's mental health professional, and the number of hours of mutual contact between the patient and the relative. The connection between patient, caregiver, and relationship variables and the caregivers' distress could be explained substantially by the overall caregiving score. Our findings suggest that caregiving tasks and problems may be diminished and related distress lowered by reducing the patient's symptomatology, increasing relatives' coping capacities, and decreasing the number of contact hours. If distress is reduced, relatives may use less psychotropic medication and may visit their general practitioner less often.
（1）照护概念的维度；（2）所确定的照护维度与患者、照护者及其关系特征之间的关系；以及（3）照护维度与照护者困扰之间的关系。研究结果基于来自荷兰精神分裂症/慢性精神病患者家庭组织的480名成员的数据，他们完成了：（1）参与评估问卷（IEQ），该问卷评估一般信息（如家庭特征）、照护、求助、应对和困扰；以及（2）一份包含有关患者疾病发作和病程以及精神分裂症症状特征问题的问卷。发现了四个照护领域：紧张、监督、担忧和催促。这些领域与患者的症状学、亲属与患者心理健康专业人员之间的接触以及患者与亲属之间的相互接触时长密切相关。患者、照护者及关系变量与照护者困扰之间的联系很大程度上可以通过总体照护得分来解释。我们的研究结果表明，通过减轻患者的症状、提高亲属的应对能力以及减少接触时长，可以减少照护任务和问题，并降低相关困扰。如果困扰减轻，亲属可能会减少使用精神药物，并且去看全科医生的次数也会减少。
