Gittleman M G, Klein M H, Smider N A, Essex M J
Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53719, USA.
Psychol Med. 1998 Nov;28(6):1443-55. doi: 10.1017/s0033291798007533.
Attachment theory posits links between early experiences with parents, adult relationships and adult mental health, but does not specify whether these are independent, mediating, or moderating effects.
Associations of parent's behaviour on the Parental Bonding Instrument, adult attachment styles and three dimensions of mental health were investigated in a large sample of women and men.
Men and women with secure styles recalled higher levels of care from both parents than those with fearful styles. Maternal and paternal control were more consistent predictors of increased distress for men than for women. Fearful and preoccupied adult styles were associated with higher levels of distress in both men and women. While adult styles had few mediating effects on the association of parental behaviour and mental health, interactions between the fearful style and parental variables suggested that this form of insecurity sometimes accentuated the impact of high parental care or low paternal control on mental health in both men and women; among women, however, the secure style seemed to buffer somewhat the negative effect of high parental control.
Although the amount of variance explained by either parental behaviour or adult styles was modest, patterns of moderating effects of adult styles on associations between parental behaviour and mental health suggested that both continuity and discontinuity principles can be applied to understanding these links.
依恋理论假定早期与父母的经历、成人关系和成人心理健康之间存在联系，但未明确这些是独立效应、中介效应还是调节效应。
在大量男性和女性样本中，研究了父母教养方式问卷中父母行为、成人依恋风格和心理健康三个维度之间的关联。
与恐惧型依恋风格的男性和女性相比，安全型依恋风格的男性和女性回忆起父母给予的关爱程度更高。与女性相比，母亲和父亲的控制对男性痛苦增加的预测作用更为一致。恐惧型和痴迷型成人依恋风格与男性和女性的较高痛苦水平相关。虽然成人依恋风格对父母行为与心理健康之间的关联几乎没有中介作用，但恐惧型依恋风格与父母变量之间的相互作用表明，这种不安全感有时会加剧父母高度关爱或父亲低控制对男性和女性心理健康的影响；然而，在女性中，安全型依恋风格似乎在一定程度上缓冲了父母高度控制的负面影响。
尽管父母行为或成人依恋风格所解释的方差量不大，但成人依恋风格对父母行为与心理健康之间关联的调节效应模式表明，连续性和非连续性原则均可用于理解这些联系。
