Baldonado A, Beymer P L, Barnes K, Starsiak D, Nemivant E B, Anonas-Ternate A
Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA.
J Transcult Nurs. 1998 Jan-Jun;9(2):15-25. doi: 10.1177/104365969800900204.
Using Leininger's Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality as a framework, this research examined transcultural practices of nurses and students. A survey was administered to a convenience sample of registered nurses and senior baccalaureate students with 767 usable questionnaires returned. Neither group expressed confidence in their ability to care for culturally-diverse patients. Registered nurses (RNs) reported assessing cultural factors and modifying practices more frequently than did students. Respondents reported their beliefs about transcultural nursing were influenced by being with people of other cultures, their own personal values, and education. Analysis of the open-ended questions revealed two major themes. First, both nurses and students perceive an overwhelming need for transcultural nursing. Second, nurses and students respond to cultural challenges by modifying their care. Modifications are based on language and communication, pain perception and relief, religious and spiritual dimensions, gender and family roles, and other values. Results suggest that nurses and students are aware of culture, recognize that culture influences the care they provide, and modify their health teaching and nursing care based on culture. The use of a conceptual framework to help make modifications in care was not mentioned.
本研究以莱宁格的文化护理多样性与普遍性理论为框架，对护士及学生的跨文化实践进行了考察。对注册护士和护理学学士高年级学生的便利样本进行了一项调查，共收回767份可用问卷。两组人员均对自己护理文化背景各异的患者的能力缺乏信心。注册护士报告称，他们比学生更频繁地评估文化因素并调整护理方式。受访者表示，他们对跨文化护理的信念受到与其他文化背景的人相处、自身个人价值观以及教育的影响。对开放式问题的分析揭示了两个主要主题。其一，护士和学生都意识到对跨文化护理有着迫切需求。其二，护士和学生通过调整护理方式应对文化挑战。调整基于语言与沟通、疼痛感知与缓解、宗教与精神层面、性别与家庭角色以及其他价值观。结果表明，护士和学生了解文化，认识到文化会影响他们提供的护理，并根据文化调整他们的健康宣教和护理工作。但未提及使用概念框架来帮助调整护理。
