Goldbohm R A, Brants H A, Hulshof K F, van den Brandt P A
TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Dept. of Consumer Research & Epidemiology, Zeist, Netherlands.
Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1998;68(6):378-83.
This study presents data on dietary intake of specific carotenoids in the Netherlands, based on a recently developed food composition database for carotenoids. Regularly eaten vegetables, the main dietary source of carotenoids, were sampled comprehensively and analysed with modern analytic methods. The database was complemented with data from recent literature and information from food manufacturers. In addition, data on intake of vitamin A are presented, which are based on the most recent update of the Dutch Food Composition Table. Intake of vitamin A was calculated for adult participants of the second Dutch National Food Consumption Survey in 1992, whereas intake of carotenoids was calculated for participants of the Dutch Cohort Study on diet and cancer, aged 55 to 69 in 1986. Mean intake of vitamin A amounted to 1.1 and 0.9 mg RE/day for men and women, respectively; the contributions of meat, fats and oils, vegetables and dairy products to total intake were 35%, 24%, 16%, and 16%, respectively. Mean intake of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and lutein plus zeaxanthin was 0.7, 3.0, and 2.5 mg/day respectively for both men and women, while mean intake of lycopene was 1.0 mg/day for men and 1.3 mg/day for women. The most important foods contributing to intake of beta-carotene and lutein plus zeaxanthin were carrots (beta-carotene only), spinach, endive and kale.
本研究基于最近开发的类胡萝卜素食物成分数据库，呈现了荷兰特定类胡萝卜素的膳食摄入量数据。作为类胡萝卜素的主要膳食来源，经常食用的蔬菜被全面采样，并采用现代分析方法进行分析。该数据库还补充了近期文献数据和食品制造商提供的信息。此外，还呈现了基于荷兰食物成分表最新更新的维生素A摄入量数据。1992年第二次荷兰全国食物消费调查的成年参与者的维生素A摄入量被计算出来，而1986年年龄在55至69岁的荷兰饮食与癌症队列研究参与者的类胡萝卜素摄入量被计算出来。男性和女性的维生素A平均摄入量分别为1.1和0.9毫克视黄醇当量/天；肉类、油脂、蔬菜和乳制品对总摄入量的贡献分别为35%、24%、16%和16%。男性和女性的α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素以及叶黄素加玉米黄质的平均摄入量分别为0.7、3.0和2.5毫克/天，而番茄红素的平均摄入量男性为1.0毫克/天，女性为1.3毫克/天。对β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素加玉米黄质摄入量贡献最大的食物是胡萝卜（仅β-胡萝卜素）、菠菜、菊苣和羽衣甘蓝。
