Spak F, Hensing G, Allebeck P
Department of Social Medicine, Göteborg University, Sweden.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1998 Dec;33(12):613-9. doi: 10.1007/s001270050101.
The study objective was to assess sick-leave among women investigated in a general population survey of alcohol dependence/abuse (ADA). A total of 399 women, selected by stratified random sampling, were interviewed and diagnosed according to DSM-III-R. Data on sick-leave were obtained by linkage with the Social Insurance records. The study found that women with ADA but without other psychiatric disorders had an increased number of annual sick-leave spells--1.82 compared with 1.47 in the reference population-whereas the mean duration was similar. Women with ADA and other psychiatric disorders had 2.38 annual spells, but also considerably longer spells (mean 16.54 days vs 9.70). Socio-economic differences were large, with the less privileged groups having both more and longer spells. Stepwise multiple regression showed that both ADA and other psychiatric disorders contributed to high sick-leave incidence and duration, as, to a lesser extent, did low education and low social group (the last variable only affected duration of the spells). The frequency of disability pension/long sickness spells was higher in women with ADA (odds ratio of 2.95). We concluded that there is a strong association between ADA and sick-leave, which increases considerably in the presence of additional psychiatric disorders.
该研究的目的是评估在酒精依赖/滥用（ADA）的一般人群调查中接受调查的女性的病假情况。通过分层随机抽样选取了399名女性，根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订本（DSM-III-R）进行访谈和诊断。通过与社会保险记录联动获取病假数据。研究发现，患有ADA但无其他精神疾病的女性每年病假次数增加——ADA组为1.82次，而对照组为1.47次，不过平均病假时长相似。患有ADA且伴有其他精神疾病的女性每年病假次数为2.38次，且病假时长也长得多（平均16.54天，而对照组为9.70天）。社会经济差异很大，弱势群体的病假次数更多，时长也更长。逐步多元回归分析表明，ADA和其他精神疾病均导致病假发生率和时长较高，低教育水平和低社会阶层在一定程度上也有此影响（最后一个变量仅影响病假时长）。患有ADA的女性领取残疾抚恤金/长期病假的频率更高（优势比为2.95）。我们得出结论，ADA与病假之间存在密切关联，若同时存在其他精神疾病，这种关联会显著增强。
