Rabinowitz M
Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106 Suppl 6(Suppl 6):1461-5. doi: 10.1289/ehp.98106s61461.
A historical review of the development of biokinetic model of lead is presented. Biokinetics is interpreted narrowly to mean only physiologic processes happening within the body. Proceeding chronologically, for each epoch, the measurements of lead in the body are presented along with mathematical models in an attempt to trace the convergence of observations from two disparate fields--occupational medicine and radiologic health--into some unified models. Kehoe's early balance studies and the use of radioactive lead tracers are presented. The 1960s saw the joint application of radioactive lead techniques and simple compartmental kinetic models used to establish the exchange rates and residence times of lead in body pools. The applications of stable isotopes to questions of the magnitudes of respired and ingested inputs required the development of a simple three-pool model. During the 1980s more elaborate models were developed. One of their key goals was the establishment of the dose-response relationship between exposure to lead and biologic precursors of adverse health effects.
本文对铅生物动力学模型的发展进行了历史回顾。生物动力学被狭义地解释为仅指体内发生的生理过程。按时间顺序，对于每个时代，都介绍了体内铅的测量方法以及数学模型，试图追踪来自职业医学和放射健康这两个不同领域的观察结果如何汇聚成一些统一的模型。介绍了基奥早期的平衡研究以及放射性铅示踪剂的使用。20世纪60年代，放射性铅技术与简单的房室动力学模型联合应用，用于确定铅在体内池中的交换率和停留时间。稳定同位素在吸入和摄入输入量问题上的应用需要开发一个简单的三池模型。在20世纪80年代，开发了更精细的模型。其关键目标之一是建立铅暴露与不良健康影响的生物学前体之间的剂量反应关系。
