White P D, Van Leeuwen P, Davis B D, Maddaloni M, Hogan K A, Marcus A H, Elias R W
National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC 20460, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106 Suppl 6(Suppl 6):1513-30. doi: 10.1289/ehp.98106s61513.
The integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children was developed to provide plausible blood lead distributions corresponding to particular combinations of multimedia lead exposure. The model is based on a set of equations that convert lead exposure (expressed as micrograms per day) to blood lead concentration (expressed as micrograms per deciliter) by quantitatively mimicking the physiologic processes that determine blood lead concentration. The exposures from air, food, water, soil, and dust are modeled independently by several routes. Amounts of lead absorbed are modeled independently for air, food, water, and soil/dust, then combined as a single input to the blood plasma reservoir of the body. Lead in the blood plasma reservoir, which includes extracellular fluids, is mathematically allocated to all tissues of the body using age-specific biokinetic parameters. The model calculation provides the estimate for blood lead concentration for that age. This value is treated as the geometric mean of possible values for a single child, or the geometric mean of expected values for a population of children exposed to the same lead concentrations. The distribution of blood lead concentrations about this geometric mean is estimated using a geometric standard deviation, typically 1.6, derived from the analysis of well-conducted community blood studies.
儿童铅综合暴露摄入生物动力学模型的开发目的是，针对多媒体铅暴露的特定组合，提供合理的血铅分布情况。该模型基于一组方程，通过定量模拟决定血铅浓度的生理过程，将铅暴露（以每天微克数表示）转换为血铅浓度（以每分升微克数表示）。空气、食物、水、土壤和灰尘的暴露通过多种途径独立建模。空气、食物、水和土壤/灰尘的铅吸收量分别独立建模，然后合并为一个单一输入，进入人体血浆库。血浆库中的铅（包括细胞外液）利用特定年龄的生物动力学参数，通过数学方法分配到身体的所有组织。模型计算得出该年龄的血铅浓度估计值。这个值被视为单个儿童可能值的几何平均值，或暴露于相同铅浓度的儿童群体预期值的几何平均值。围绕这个几何平均值的血铅浓度分布，使用从精心开展的社区血铅研究分析中得出的几何标准差（通常为1.6）进行估计。
