Coffey S F, Lombardo T W
Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, USA.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998 Nov;6(4):406-18. doi: 10.1037//1064-1297.6.4.406.
The hypothesis that smokeless tobacco-related sensory and behavioral cues can act as conditioned stimuli was tested in a counterbalanced double-blind experimental design. The nicotine content of snuff smokeless tobacco (ST) was manipulated for 24 male ST users by mixing ST with an ST substitute. Affect was manipulated through imagery scripts, stress was induced by a mental arithmetic task, and physiological measures and self-reported affect, stress, and urge for ST were collected. Urge for ST was consistently reduced regardless of the nicotine content in the ST conditions. Urge was increased by the stress manipulation and by negative affect when compared with positive affect. Urge for ST was positively correlated with stress and negative affect but was not correlated with positive affect. Physiological arousal was not related to urge. Results generally parallel studies of smoking and suggest that ST substitute products may aid ST cessation.
在一项平衡双盲实验设计中，对无烟烟草相关的感官和行为线索可作为条件刺激的假设进行了测试。通过将鼻烟无烟烟草（ST）与ST替代品混合，对24名男性ST使用者的ST尼古丁含量进行了控制。通过意象脚本操纵情感，通过心算任务诱导压力，并收集生理指标以及自我报告的情感、压力和对ST的渴望。无论ST条件下的尼古丁含量如何，对ST的渴望都持续降低。与积极情感相比，压力操纵和消极情感会增加渴望。对ST的渴望与压力和消极情感呈正相关，但与积极情感无关。生理唤醒与渴望无关。结果总体上与吸烟研究相似，表明ST替代产品可能有助于ST戒烟。
