Vijayaraghavan K, Rao D H
National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad.
Indian J Med Res. 1998 Nov;108:243-53.
During the last 25 years, a large database has been accumulated on the diet and nutritional status of the rural population of different states of India. The National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau (NNMB) and the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad have carried out extensive diet and nutrition surveys in 12 states of the country. These surveys indicate that the diets of the rural population are inadequate and deficient in most of the nutrients. There is widespread energy deficiency in the rural households. About 60 per cent of the preschool children are underweight (< median -2SD weight for age of NCHS) and 62 per cent are stunted (long duration malnutrition). About 15 per cent of the children of 1-5 yr of age suffer from short duration malnutrition (wasting). Repeat surveys showed that severe malnutrition had declined substantially in children. Similarly, there was reduction in the extent of chronic energy deficiency among the adults. However, there were no perceptible changes in the diet and nutrient intakes during the past 20 yr.
在过去25年里，印度不同邦农村人口的饮食和营养状况积累了大量数据库。国家营养监测局（NNMB）和位于海得拉巴的国家营养研究所（NIN）在该国12个邦开展了广泛的饮食和营养调查。这些调查表明，农村人口的饮食在大多数营养素方面不充足且缺乏。农村家庭普遍存在能量缺乏问题。约60%的学龄前儿童体重不足（<美国国家卫生统计中心年龄别体重中位数-2标准差），62%发育迟缓（长期营养不良）。约15%的1至5岁儿童患有短期营养不良（消瘦）。重复调查显示，儿童中的严重营养不良情况已大幅下降。同样，成年人中慢性能量缺乏的程度也有所降低。然而，在过去20年里，饮食和营养素摄入量没有明显变化。
