Barthold S W
Center for Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
Infect Immun. 1999 Jan;67(1):36-42. doi: 10.1128/IAI.67.1.36-42.1999.
The specificity of infection-induced immunity in mice infected with cultured or host-adapted Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the agent of Lyme disease, was examined. Sera obtained from mice following infection with high and low doses of cultured B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, transplantation of infected tissue (host-adapted spirochetes), or tick-borne inoculation all showed protective activity in passive immunization assays. Infection and disease were similar in mice infected with cultured spirochetes or by transplantation. Thus, the adaptive form of inoculated spirochetes did not influence the immune response during active infection. Mice infected with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto and then cured of infection with an antibiotic during early or late stages of infection were resistant to challenge with high doses of homologous cultured spirochetes for up to 1 year. In contrast, actively immune mice infected with different Borrelia species (B. burgdorferi sensu lato, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto cN40, Borrelia afzelii PKo, and Borrelia garinii PBi) and then treated with an antibiotic were resistant to challenge with cultured homologous but not heterologous spirochetes. Similar results were achieved for actively immune mice challenged by transplantation and by passive immunization with sera from mice infected with each of the Borrelia species and then challenged with cultured spirochetes. Arthritis and carditis in mice that had immunizing infections with B. afzelii and B. garinii and then challenged by transplantation with B. burgdorferi sensu stricto were equivalent in prevalence and severity to those in nonimmune recipient mice. These results indicate that protective immunity and disease-modulating immunity that develop during active infection are universal among species related to B. burgdorferi sensu lato but are species specific.
对感染培养的或宿主适应型莱姆病病原体——狭义伯氏疏螺旋体的小鼠中感染诱导免疫的特异性进行了研究。从感染高剂量和低剂量培养的狭义伯氏疏螺旋体、移植感染组织（宿主适应型螺旋体）或经蜱传播接种后的小鼠获得的血清，在被动免疫试验中均显示出保护活性。感染培养的螺旋体或通过移植感染的小鼠，其感染和疾病情况相似。因此，接种螺旋体的适应形式在主动感染期间不影响免疫反应。在感染早期或晚期用抗生素治愈感染的感染狭义伯氏疏螺旋体的小鼠，对高剂量同源培养螺旋体的攻击具有长达1年的抵抗力。相比之下，感染不同伯氏疏螺旋体物种（广义伯氏疏螺旋体、狭义伯氏疏螺旋体cN40、阿氏疏螺旋体PKo和伽氏疏螺旋体PBi）然后用抗生素治疗的主动免疫小鼠，对培养的同源而非异源螺旋体的攻击具有抵抗力。对于通过移植进行攻击以及用感染每种伯氏疏螺旋体物种的小鼠血清进行被动免疫然后用培养螺旋体进行攻击的主动免疫小鼠，也获得了类似结果。用阿氏疏螺旋体和伽氏疏螺旋体进行免疫感染然后通过移植狭义伯氏疏螺旋体进行攻击的小鼠，其关节炎和心肌炎的患病率和严重程度与非免疫受体小鼠相当。这些结果表明，主动感染期间产生的保护性免疫和疾病调节性免疫在与广义伯氏疏螺旋体相关的物种中具有普遍性，但具有物种特异性。
