Wang Q, Leichtman M D, White S H
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Cognition. 1998 Nov;69(1):73-103. doi: 10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00061-4.
This study examined the relationship between self-description and childhood memory in 255 Chinese young adults. Ninety-nine participants were from only child families and 156 had siblings. All participants completed two questionnaires: a version of the Twenty Statements Test of Kuhn and McPartland (Kuhn, M.H., McPartland, T.S., 1954. An empirical investigation of self-attitudes. American Sociological Review 19, 68-76) eliciting self-descriptions, and an instrument asking for earliest and other childhood memories. Based on theories positing a relationship between autobiography and the organization of the self, we predicted differences on both measures between only- and sibling-child participants. Findings indicated that compared with sibling children, only children had more private and fewer collective self-descriptions, earlier first memories, more specific and more self-focused memories. In addition, autobiographical measures were influenced by cohort, gender, preschool attendance, and urban/rural family effects. Findings are discussed in terms of literature on autobiography, the self and childhood in China.
本研究调查了255名中国青年成年人的自我描述与童年记忆之间的关系。99名参与者来自独生子女家庭，156名有兄弟姐妹。所有参与者都完成了两份问卷：一份是库恩和麦克帕特兰的《二十陈述测验》（库恩，M.H.，麦克帕特兰，T.S.，1954年。自我态度的实证研究。《美国社会学评论》19，68 - 76）的一个版本，用于引出自我描述；另一份问卷是询问最早的童年记忆和其他童年记忆。基于假设自传与自我组织之间存在关系的理论，我们预测独生子女参与者和有兄弟姐妹的参与者在这两项测量上会存在差异。研究结果表明，与有兄弟姐妹的孩子相比，独生子女有更多私密的自我描述，更少集体性的自我描述，最早的记忆更早，记忆更具体且更以自我为中心。此外，自传测量受到同龄人、性别、是否上过幼儿园以及城市/农村家庭环境的影响。我们将根据关于中国自传、自我和童年的文献来讨论这些研究结果。
