La Greca A M, Silverman W K, Wasserstein S B
Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Florida 33124, USA.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1998 Dec;66(6):883-92. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.66.6.883.
This study examined (a) children's predisaster behavioral and academic functioning as a predictor of posttraumatic stress (PTS) following Hurricane Andrew and (b) whether children who were exposed to the disaster would display a worsening of prior functioning. Fifteen months before the disaster, 92 4th through 6th graders provided self-reports of anxiety; peers and teachers rated behavior problems (anxiety, inattention, and conduct) and academic skills. Measures were repeated 3 months postdisaster; children also reported PTS symptoms and hurricane-related experiences (i.e., exposure). PTS symptoms were again assessed 7 months postdisaster. At 3 months postdisaster, children's exposure to the disaster, as well as predisaster ratings of anxiety, inattention, and academic skills, predicted PTS symptoms. By 7 months, only exposure, African American ethnicity, and predisaster anxiety predicted PTS. Prior anxiety levels also worsened as a result of exposure to the disaster. The findings have implications for identifying and treating children at risk for stress reactions following a catastrophic disaster.
(a)安德鲁飓风过后,儿童灾前的行为及学业表现作为创伤后应激(PTS)预测指标的情况;以及(b)经历灾难的儿童其之前的功能是否会恶化。在灾难发生前15个月,92名四至六年级学生进行了焦虑自评;同伴和教师对行为问题(焦虑、注意力不集中和品行问题)及学业技能进行了评分。在灾难发生后3个月重复进行测量;儿童还报告了PTS症状及与飓风相关的经历(即暴露情况)。在灾难发生后7个月再次评估PTS症状。在灾难发生后3个月,儿童对灾难的暴露情况以及灾前焦虑、注意力不集中和学业技能评分可预测PTS症状。到7个月时,只有暴露情况、非裔美国人种族和灾前焦虑可预测PTS。由于经历灾难,之前的焦虑水平也有所恶化。这些研究结果对于识别和治疗在灾难性灾难后有应激反应风险的儿童具有启示意义。