Sarrazin C, Roth W K, Zeuzem S
Medizinische Klinik II, Klinikum der J.-W.-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main.
Z Gastroenterol. 1998 Nov;36(11):997-1008.
Recently, two isolates of a new virus, designated GB virus C (GBV-C) and hepatitis G virus (HGV) were identified. Genomic organization place them in the family Flaviviridae, which includes HCV. A classification of GBV-C/HGV strains into at least three genotypes (West Africa, Europe/North America, Asia) has been proposed. GBV-C/HGV has a positive-stranded, linear RNA genome possessing a large open reading frame that encodes a single large polyprotein. As a possible genomic defect no core protein has yet been identified in GBV-C/HGV isolates. Whether GBV-C/HGV can be classified as a hepatotropic virus with replication in the liver is under discussion. The prevalence in the general population is high (2%). GBV-C/HGV is transmitted parenterally e.g., by transfusion of blood and blood products. Furthermore, cases of vertical and horizontal transmission are reported. Detection of GBV-C/HGV infection is exclusively possible by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). E2-specific antibodies are associated with loss of detectable GBV-C/HGV RNA and appear to indicate recovery from GBV-C/HGV infection. An acute icteric state with transient elevation of aminotransferases in association with GBV-C/HGV infection may exist. These cases are rare and approximately only 0.3% of persons with acute viral hepatitis are infected with GBV-C/HGV alone. Whether GBV-C/HGV is a cause of fulminant hepatic failure has not yet been proven. Persistent viremia of the GBV-C/HGV infection is frequent but is not related to chronic liver disease. Since no other chronic diseases associated with GBV-C/HGV infection could yet be identified, chronic GBV-C/HGV infections appear to be without clinical significance. GBV-C/HGV and hepatitis B or C virus (HBV, HCV) coinfection seem not to interfere with the outcome of HBV-respective HCV-related liver disease. The cause of the majority of cases with non-A-E viral hepatitis remains unknown and other yet undiscovered hepatic viruses must exist.
最近，发现了一种新型病毒的两个分离株，分别命名为GB病毒C（GBV-C）和庚型肝炎病毒（HGV）。其基因组结构将它们归为黄病毒科，该科包括丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）。有人提出将GBV-C/HGV毒株至少分为三种基因型（西非、欧洲/北美、亚洲）。GBV-C/HGV具有正链线性RNA基因组，拥有一个大的开放阅读框，编码一种单一的大的多聚蛋白。作为一种可能的基因组缺陷，在GBV-C/HGV分离株中尚未鉴定出核心蛋白。GBV-C/HGV是否可归类为在肝脏中复制的嗜肝病毒仍在讨论中。普通人群中的感染率很高（2%）。GBV-C/HGV通过肠道外途径传播，例如通过输血和血液制品。此外，还报告了垂直和水平传播的病例。只能通过逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测GBV-C/HGV感染。E2特异性抗体与可检测到的GBV-C/HGV RNA的消失有关，似乎表明从GBV-C/HGV感染中恢复。可能存在与GBV-C/HGV感染相关的急性黄疸状态，伴有转氨酶短暂升高。这些病例很少见，仅约0.3%的急性病毒性肝炎患者单独感染GBV-C/HGV。GBV-C/HGV是否为暴发性肝衰竭的病因尚未得到证实。GBV-C/HGV感染的持续性病毒血症很常见，但与慢性肝病无关。由于尚未发现与GBV-C/HGV感染相关的其他慢性病，慢性GBV-C/HGV感染似乎没有临床意义。GBV-C/HGV与乙型或丙型肝炎病毒（HBV、HCV）合并感染似乎不会干扰HBV或HCV相关肝病的结局。大多数非甲-戊型病毒性肝炎病例的病因仍然未知，肯定还存在其他尚未发现的肝病毒。
