Roscoe E M, Iwata B A, Goh H L
Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1998 Winter;31(4):635-46. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-635.
We compared the effects of two treatments, noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) and sensory extinction (EXT), on the self-injurious behavior (SIB) exhibited by 3 individuals with developmental disabilities. Results of a functional analysis indicated that their SIB was not maintained by social reinforcement, as indicated by undifferentiated responding across assessment conditions or higher rates of responding in the along condition. Prior to treatment, leisure probes were conducted to identify highly preferred items for use in the NCR condition, and equipment probes were conducted to identify devices that produced the greatest behavioral suppression for use in the EXT condition. Following baseline, treatment was implemented in a multiple baseline across subjects design, and the effects of NCR and EXT were compared in a multielement format. During NCR sessions, participants had continuous access to a highly preferred item. During EXT sessions, participants wore equipment (gloves or protective sleeves) that seemed to attenuate stimulation directly produced by their SIB, while still allowing the behavior to occur. Results indicated that both procedures were effective in reducing SIB, although NCR was associated with either more rapid or greater overall response suppression.
我们比较了两种治疗方法，即非连续性强化（NCR）和感觉消退（EXT），对3名发育障碍个体所表现出的自伤行为（SIB）的影响。功能分析结果表明，他们的自伤行为并非由社会强化维持，这表现为在评估条件下无差异的反应，或在独处条件下更高的反应率。在治疗前，进行了休闲探测以确定用于NCR条件的高度偏好物品，并进行了设备探测以确定在EXT条件下产生最大行为抑制作用的装置。在基线期之后，采用跨被试多基线设计实施治疗，并以多元素形式比较NCR和EXT的效果。在NCR阶段，参与者可以持续接触高度偏好的物品。在EXT阶段，参与者佩戴似乎能减弱其自伤行为直接产生的刺激的设备（手套或防护袖套），同时仍允许该行为发生。结果表明，两种方法在减少自伤行为方面均有效，尽管NCR与更快或更大程度的总体反应抑制相关。
