一种预测基于强化程序的正负效应的初步程序。
A preliminary procedure for predicting the positive and negative effects of reinforcement-based procedures.
作者信息
Piazza C C, Fisher W W, Hanley G P, Hilker K, Derby K M
机构信息
Neurobehavioral Unit, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
出版信息
J Appl Behav Anal. 1996 Summer;29(2):137-52. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1996.29-137.
In the current investigation, a modification was made to the preference assessment described by Pace, Ivancic, Edwards, Iwata, and Page (1985) to predict the effects of stimuli when used in a differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior (DRO) schedule for 2 clients with severe self-injurious behavior (SIB) and profound mental retardation. Based on the results of the preference assessment, three types of stimuli were identified: (a) high-preference stimuli associated with high rates of SIB (HP/HS), (b) high-preference stimuli associated with relatively lower rates of SIB (HP/LS), and (c)low-preference stimuli associated with low rates of SIB (LP/LS). Consistent with the results of the preference assessment, the DRO schedule with HP/HS stimuli resulted in increased SIB, and the DRO schedule with LP/LS stimuli resulted in no change in SIB when used in a DRO schedule. Thus, the stimulus preference assessment may be useful clinically in some situations for predicting both the beneficial and the negative side effects of stimuli in DRO procedures.
在当前的研究中，对佩斯、伊万西奇、爱德华兹、伊瓦塔和佩奇（1985年）所描述的偏好评估进行了修改，以预测在对两名患有严重自伤行为（SIB）和重度智力障碍的患者采用区别性强化其他行为（DRO）程序时刺激所产生的效果。基于偏好评估的结果，确定了三种类型的刺激：（a）与高自伤行为发生率相关的高偏好刺激（HP/HS），（b）与相对较低自伤行为发生率相关的高偏好刺激（HP/LS），以及（c）与低自伤行为发生率相关的低偏好刺激（LP/LS）。与偏好评估的结果一致，当在DRO程序中使用时，采用HP/HS刺激的DRO程序导致自伤行为增加，而采用LP/LS刺激的DRO程序则使自伤行为没有变化。因此，刺激偏好评估在某些情况下可能在临床上有助于预测DRO程序中刺激的有益和负面副作用。
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