Rood J I
Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 1998;52:333-60. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.52.1.333.
Clostridium perfringens causes human gas gangrene and food poisoning as well as several enterotoxemic diseases of animals. The organism is characterized by its ability to produce numerous extracellular toxins including alpha-toxin or phospholipase C, theta-toxin or perfringolysin O, kappa-toxin or collagenase, as well as a sporulation-associated enterotoxin. Although the genes encoding the alpha-toxin and theta-toxin are located on the chromosome, the genes encoding many of the other extracellular toxins are located on large plasmids. The enterotoxin gene can be either chromosomal or plasmid determined. Several of these toxin genes are associated with insertion sequences. The production of many of the extracellular toxins is regulated at the transcriptional level by the products of the virR and virS genes, which together comprise a two-component signal transduction system.
产气荚膜梭菌可导致人类气性坏疽和食物中毒以及动物的几种肠毒素血症疾病。该微生物的特点是能够产生多种细胞外毒素，包括α毒素或磷脂酶C、θ毒素或产气荚膜梭菌溶血素O、κ毒素或胶原酶，以及一种与芽孢形成相关的肠毒素。虽然编码α毒素和θ毒素的基因位于染色体上，但编码许多其他细胞外毒素的基因位于大型质粒上。肠毒素基因可以由染色体或质粒决定。这些毒素基因中的几个与插入序列相关。许多细胞外毒素的产生在转录水平上受virR和virS基因产物的调控，这两个基因共同构成一个双组分信号转导系统。
