McFarland L V
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington and Biocodex, Inc., Seattle, Wash., USA.
Dig Dis. 1998 Sep-Oct;16(5):292-307. doi: 10.1159/000016879.
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common complication of antibiotics and recent findings on the epidemiology, etiologies and treatment strategies are reviewed. Rates of AAD vary from 5 to 39% depending upon the specific type of antibiotic. The severity of AAD may include uncomplicated diarrhea, colitis or pseudomembranous colitis. The pathogenesis of AAD may be mediated through the disruption of the normal flora and overgrowth of pathogens or through metabolic imbalances. The impact of AAD is reflected by increased hospital stays, higher medical costs and increased rates of comorbidity. The key to decreasing these consequences is prompt diagnosis followed by effective treatment and institution of control measures.
抗生素相关性腹泻（AAD）是抗生素治疗常见的并发症，本文综述了近期关于其流行病学、病因及治疗策略的研究结果。AAD的发生率因抗生素种类不同而在5%至39%之间波动。AAD的严重程度包括单纯性腹泻、结肠炎或伪膜性结肠炎。AAD的发病机制可能是由于正常菌群的破坏和病原体的过度生长，或代谢失衡所致。AAD的影响表现为住院时间延长、医疗费用增加和合并症发生率上升。降低这些后果的关键在于及时诊断，随后进行有效治疗并采取控制措施。
