Sittenfeld P, Budzynski T, Stoyva J
Biofeedback Self Regul. 1976 Mar;1(1):31-46. doi: 10.1007/BF00998689.
Heart rate, EEG, frontal EMG, and forearm EMG were recorded in 20 subjects for 3 baseline, 8 feedback, and 2 postbaseline sessions in order to compare two biofeedback methods of teaching subjects to increase theta EEG activity. Subjects were divided into high- and low-EMG groups. Five high-EMG subjects, and 5 low-EMG subjects then received 8 sessions of strictly theta feedback. The remaining 10 subjects, 5 from the high-EMG group, and 5 from the low-EMG group, received a "graduated" training which involved shaping the target response. This procedure consisted of 4 initial sessions of EMG feedback, followed by a second phase consisting of 4 sessions of theta feedback. Results showed a clear relationship between subjects' baseline frontal EMG levels and the effect of the training methods. Although subjects with high-EMG baseline increased their theta output only with the two-phase training, subjects with low-EMG baseline levels performed better when given theta feedback only. This result shows not only that amounts of theta can be reliably increased, but that training techniques should be adapted to the physiological characteristics of the individual--in this case, baseline levels of frontal EMG levels.
对20名受试者的心率、脑电图、额肌电图和前臂肌电图进行了记录，记录时长涵盖3个基线期、8个反馈期和2个基线后期，目的是比较两种生物反馈方法，以教会受试者增加脑电图中的θ波活动。受试者被分为高肌电图组和低肌电图组。5名高肌电图受试者和5名低肌电图受试者随后接受了8次严格的θ波反馈训练。其余10名受试者，5名来自高肌电图组，5名来自低肌电图组，接受了一种“渐进式”训练，其中包括塑造目标反应。该程序包括4次初始肌电图反馈训练，随后是第二阶段，包括4次θ波反馈训练。结果显示，受试者的基线额肌电图水平与训练方法的效果之间存在明显关系。尽管高肌电图基线的受试者仅通过两阶段训练增加了他们的θ波输出，但低肌电图基线水平的受试者仅接受θ波反馈时表现更好。这一结果不仅表明可以可靠地增加θ波的量，而且表明训练技术应根据个体的生理特征进行调整——在这种情况下，即额肌电图的基线水平。
