Solheim E
Section of Orthopaedics, Deaconess University Hospital, Haraldsplass, Bergen, Norway.
Int Orthop. 1998;22(5):335-42. doi: 10.1007/s002640050273.
Bone contains several growth factors, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and basic and acidic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF and aFGF). The BMPs are the only factors known to provoke bone formation heterotopically by making undifferentiated mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts (osteoinduction). Much of our knowledge of osteoinduction derives from studies in rodents of heterotopically implanted demineralised bone which contains various growth factors, including BMPs. This model has been used to examine the effect on osteoinduction of different factors, including the type of host soft tissue, age and species of donor and recipient, demineralisation procedure, storage and sterilisation procedures, experimental diabetes, dietary factors, hormones, growth factors, caffeine, biphosphonates, indomethacin and biomaterials. Demineralised bone enhances bone formation experimentally in various animal models, including cranio-maxillofacial reconstructions, healing of diaphyseal defects, and spinal fusion; demineralised bone has also been used in a limited way clinically. However, sufficient osteoinduction in humans may require a higher concentration of BMPs and other growth factors than those found in demineralised bone.
骨骼含有多种生长因子，包括骨形态发生蛋白（BMPs）、转化生长因子β（TGF-β）、胰岛素样生长因子I和II（IGF-I和IGF-II）、血小板衍生生长因子（PDGF）以及碱性和酸性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF和aFGF）。骨形态发生蛋白是唯一已知可通过使未分化的间充质细胞分化为成骨细胞（骨诱导）而在异位诱导骨形成的因子。我们对骨诱导的许多认识都来自于对异位植入含有各种生长因子（包括骨形态发生蛋白）的脱矿骨的啮齿动物研究。该模型已被用于研究不同因素对骨诱导的影响，包括宿主软组织类型、供体和受体的年龄及物种、脱矿过程、储存和灭菌程序、实验性糖尿病、饮食因素、激素、生长因子、咖啡因、双膦酸盐、吲哚美辛和生物材料。脱矿骨在各种动物模型中可通过实验增强骨形成，包括颅颌面重建、骨干缺损愈合和脊柱融合；脱矿骨在临床上也有有限的应用。然而，在人类中实现足够的骨诱导可能需要比脱矿骨中更高浓度的骨形态发生蛋白和其他生长因子。
