Räikkönen K, Matthews K A, Flory J D, Owens J F
Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finnish Academy.
Health Psychol. 1999 Jan;18(1):44-53. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.18.1.44.
This study (a) tested the effects of hostile attributes on ambulatory blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and mood monitored repeatedly over 3 days in 100 healthy men and women and (b) determined whether the cardiovascular effects of trait hostility were moderated by mood. Multilevel random-coefficients regression analyses showed that hostile individuals exhibited higher systolic and diastolic BP and rated their current moods as more negative and less positive throughout the monitoring. Individuals low in hostility exhibited high BP only during the few occasions when they experienced negative mood. However, these patterns were true only when participants were classified by Potential for Hostility ratings from the Structured Interview (R. H. Rosenman, 1978), not by the Cynical Hostile Attitudes score derived from the Cook-Medley scale. Results provide convergent and ecological validity of interview rating of hostility and illuminate one possible dynamic mechanism by which overt hostile behaviors might contribute to the rates of increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
(a) 测试了敌意特质对100名健康男性和女性在3天内反复监测的动态血压（BP）、心率和情绪的影响；(b) 确定了特质敌意对心血管系统的影响是否受到情绪的调节。多级随机系数回归分析表明，在整个监测过程中，具有敌意的个体表现出较高的收缩压和舒张压，且将他们当前的情绪评定为更消极、更缺乏积极情绪。低敌意个体仅在经历消极情绪的少数情况下出现血压升高。然而，只有当参与者根据结构化访谈（R. H. 罗森曼，1978年）中的敌意潜能评分进行分类时，这些模式才成立，而不是根据库克-梅德利量表得出的愤世嫉俗的敌意态度得分。研究结果为敌意的访谈评分提供了聚合效度和生态效度，并阐明了一种可能的动态机制，即公开的敌意行为可能导致心血管疾病发病率和死亡率上升。
