Müller L, Sivertsen T, Langseth W
Department of Toxicology, National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
Acta Vet Scand. 1998;39(4):511-4. doi: 10.1186/BF03547777.
4-methylimidazolc (4-MeI) has until now been the only identified toxic compound in ammoniated forage considered to be of possible etiological significance in ammoniated forage poisoning. However, several authors have concluded that 4-MeI alone cannot explain the toxicity observed ( 1986, 1986, . 1997). On this background, we have examined samples of ammoniated forage and of milk, plasma, and urine collected from ewes and lambs during a previous experimental poisoning study (. 1993). We have also studied similar samples from a Norwegian Red Cattle dairy cow fed ammoniated hay for the first 5 days after calving. We have, in addition to the previously known ingredients 4-MeI and 2-methylimida-zole (2-MeI), identified 5 new compounds in these samples, all of which were found to be di-alkylsubstituted imidazoles: 1,2-dimcthylimi-dazole (1,2-diMeI), 1,4-dimethyl imidazole (1,4-diMeI), 1,5-dimethyl imidazole (1,5-diMeI), 2,4-dimethylimidazole (2,4-diMeI) and 2-ethyl, 4-methylimidazole (2Et-4MeI) (. 1998). In this paper we present quantitative measurements of these di- and monoalky 1 imidazoles in a selection of the collected samples.
4-甲基咪唑（4-MeI）一直是氨化饲料中唯一已确定的有毒化合物，被认为在氨化饲料中毒中可能具有病因学意义。然而，几位作者得出结论，仅4-MeI无法解释所观察到的毒性（1986年，1986年，1997年）。在此背景下，我们检查了在之前的实验性中毒研究（1993年）期间从母羊和羔羊采集的氨化饲料以及牛奶、血浆和尿液样本。我们还研究了来自一头挪威红牛奶牛的类似样本，该奶牛在产犊后的前5天喂食氨化干草。除了先前已知的成分4-MeI和2-甲基咪唑（2-MeI）之外，我们在这些样本中鉴定出5种新化合物，所有这些化合物均为二烷基取代的咪唑：1,2-二甲基咪唑（1,2-diMeI）、1,4-二甲基咪唑（1,4-diMeI）、1,5-二甲基咪唑（1,5-diMeI）、2,4-二甲基咪唑（2,4-diMeI）和2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑（2Et-4MeI）（1998年）。在本文中，我们展示了在部分采集样本中这些二烷基和单烷基咪唑的定量测量结果。
