The reactivity of monoclonal antibodies against orf virus with other parapoxviruses and the identification of a 39 kDa immunodominant protein.

A panel of 27 mouse monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) was raised against orf virus. Sixteen of these Mabs reacted with a protein with a molecular mass of 65 kDa, 8 reacted with a protein with a molecular mass of 39 kDa and three remain uncharacterised. Reactivity of the Mabs with a library of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing various regions of the NZ-2 orf virus genome identified the approximate positions of the genes encoding these 2 immunodominant orf virus proteins. The gene encoding the 39 kDa protein was identified and sequenced. The protein was detected in an envelope fraction of orf virus and was shown to be homologous to the envelope protein encoded by the H3L gene of vaccinia virus. The 65 kDa protein has not been fully chracterised, but the gene encoding it has been localised to a 10 kbp region of the orf virus genome. The Mabs were used to discriminate 4 parapoxviruses derived from sheep, 2 from cattle and 1 each from a seal and squirrel. Eighteen Mabs reacted with all 4 sheep viruses, 19 Mabs reacted with both cattle viruses, 6 recognised seal parapoxvirus and 2 recognised the squirrel parapoxvirus. Only one of the 27 Mabs reacted with all 8 parapoxviruses suggesting it recognises a conserved epitope within the genus.