Isolated caudate lobectomy by anterior approach for hepatocellular carcinoma originating in the paracaval portion of the caudate lobe.

We aimed to assess isolated caudate lobectomy by the anterior approach for the treatment of large hepatocellular carcinomas originating in the paracaval portion of the caudate lobe. The surgical procedures consisted of ligation and dissection of the caudate branch of the portal vein and short hepatic veins from the right side of the hepatic hilum; liver resection cranially from the right side of the process portion; ligation and dissection of the short hepatic veins from the left side; hepatic resection between the lateral segment and Spiegel lobe; and, finally, dissection of the liver at the right of the Cantlie line, reaching the tumor in the paracaval portion of the caudate lobe. The important point in this procedure was the appropriate management of the short hepatic veins, the branches of the hepatic vein, and the glisson's vessels of the paracaval portion. The operative times for the three patients reported here were 430, 355, and 575 min, with blood loss of 1100, 1180, and 2000 ml, respectively. The duration of the operation was short and blood loss was minimal; severe complications were not observed. Complete recovery of liver function after this surgery tended to be slow. Early recurrence was observed during long-term follow-up. This procedure is considered to be a safe method, with optimal surgical vision for caudate lobe tumors of a relatively large size. However, adjuvant therapy to prevent recurrence is required.