Mital A
Ergonomics and Engineering Controls Research Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0116, USA.
Ergonomics. 1999 Jan;42(1):246-57. doi: 10.1080/001401399185928.
Manual handling of materials continues to be a hazardous activity, leading to a very significant number of severe overexertion injuries. Designing jobs that are within the physical capabilities of workers is one approach ergonomists have adopted to redress this problem. As a result, several job design procedures have been developed over the years. However, these procedures are limited to designing or evaluating only pure lifting jobs or only the lifting aspect of a materials handling job. This paper describes a general procedure that may be used to design or analyse materials handling jobs that involve several different kinds of activities (e.g. lifting, lowering, carrying, pushing, etc). The job design/analysis procedure utilizes an elemental approach (breaking the job into elements) and relies on databases provided in A Guide to Manual Materials Handling to compute associated risk factors. The use of the procedure is demonstrated with the help of two case studies.
人工搬运材料仍然是一项危险活动，会导致大量严重的过度劳累损伤。设计适合工人身体能力的工作是人类工程学专家为解决这一问题所采用的一种方法。多年来，已经开发出了几种工作设计程序。然而，这些程序仅限于设计或评估纯搬运工作或材料搬运工作中的搬运环节。本文描述了一种通用程序，可用于设计或分析涉及多种不同活动（如搬运、放下、携带、推等）的材料搬运工作。该工作设计/分析程序采用元素法（将工作分解为各个元素），并依靠《人工材料搬运指南》中提供的数据库来计算相关风险因素。通过两个案例研究展示了该程序的使用方法。
