Mäkelä J, Kjaernes U, Pipping Ekström M, L'orange Fürst E, Gronow J, Holm L
Department of Sociology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Appetite. 1999 Feb;32(1):73-9. doi: 10.1006/appe.1998.0198.
This article discusses some methodological aspects of the project "Eating and Modern Everyday Life. A Comparative Survey of Nordic Countries". Data were collected in April 1997 with computer assisted telephone interviews in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Questionnaires included a record of the informant's eating on the day before the interview, attitudes related to current food discourses, socio-demographic information and a few open-ended questions. The emphasis was on social and cultural aspects of eating. One aim of this study is to investigate whether regular meals are substituted by irregular eating patterns. In order to avoid any predefined meal concepts the questionnaire therefore focused on eating events. The reconstruction of data is based on a model called the eating system. The model has three dimensions: the eating pattern (the rhythm and the number of eating events, the alternations of hot and cold eating events), the meal format (the composition of the main course, the sequence of the whole meal) and the social organization of eating (where and with whom people are eating, who did the cooking). Some preliminary results are presented suggesting that the questionnaire and the analytical model suit the purpose of studying modernization through the field of food.
本文讨论了“饮食与现代日常生活：北欧国家比较调查”项目的一些方法论问题。1997年4月，通过计算机辅助电话访谈在丹麦、芬兰、挪威和瑞典收集了数据。问卷包括受访者在访谈前一天的饮食记录、与当前食物话语相关的态度、社会人口统计学信息以及一些开放式问题。重点是饮食的社会和文化方面。本研究的一个目的是调查规律饮食是否被不规律的饮食模式所取代。为了避免任何预先定义的饮食概念，问卷因此聚焦于饮食事件。数据重建基于一个名为饮食系统的模型。该模型有三个维度：饮食模式（饮食事件的节奏和数量、冷热饮食事件的交替）、餐食形式（主菜的组成、整餐的顺序）以及饮食的社会组织（人们在哪里用餐、与谁一起用餐、谁做饭）。文中呈现了一些初步结果，表明该问卷和分析模型适合通过食物领域研究现代化的目的。
