Stark J, Bonacum J, Remsen J, DeSalle R
Department of Biology, New York University, New York 10003, USA.
Annu Rev Entomol. 1999;44:97-129. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.97.
In this review, we use the wing veins of dipteran insects as potential models for understanding the evolution of development. We briefly discuss previous work in this field and examine the genetic complexity of wing formation, discussing the genes involved in wing formation and their roles in Drosophila wing development and vein formation. Furthermore, patterns of wing vein formation, addition, and reduction are discussed as they occur throughout the Diptera. Using the phyletic phenocopy paradigm, we draw attention to many wing vein morphologies that phenocopy various wing mutants in Drosophila melanogaster. The systematic issues of the nature of characters, homology, and the role of modern developmental approaches to evolutionary studies, which has recently become important, can be addressed from the perspective of the wing. We argue that further developmental evolutionary studies, and the interpretation of data therefrom, must be conducted within the context of a well-supported phylogeny of the organisms under study.
在本综述中，我们将双翅目昆虫的翅脉作为理解发育进化的潜在模型。我们简要讨论了该领域以前的工作，并研究了翅形成的遗传复杂性，探讨了参与翅形成的基因及其在果蝇翅发育和翅脉形成中的作用。此外，还讨论了整个双翅目昆虫中翅脉形成、增加和减少的模式。利用系统发育拟态范式，我们关注到许多翅脉形态与黑腹果蝇的各种翅突变体相似。性状的本质、同源性以及现代发育方法在进化研究中的作用等系统问题，近来变得十分重要，这些问题可以从翅的角度加以探讨。我们认为，进一步的发育进化研究及其数据解读，必须在对所研究生物有充分支持的系统发育背景下进行。
