Miller L K
Waisman Center on Mental Retardation and Human Development, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53705-2280, USA.
Psychol Bull. 1999 Jan;125(1):31-46. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.1.31.
Occasionally, people with developmental disability display skills at a level inconsistent with their general intellectual functioning, so-called "savant" behavior. Studies of savant behavior are reviewed to determine their relevance to notions about the importance of general intellective functions in the development of exceptional skill. It is concluded that (a) the skill exhibited by savants shares many characteristics with that in people without disability, (b) the skill is usually accompanied by normative levels of performance on at least some subtests of standardized measures of cognitive achievement, and (c) it is unclear whether savants have distinctive cognitive strengths or motivational dispositions, though their relative prevalence among people with certain kinds of disability suggests predisposing constraints. The author proposes that these skills typically reflect highly elaborated preconceptual representational systems.
偶尔，发育障碍患者会展现出与他们一般智力功能水平不相符的技能，即所谓的“学者症候群”行为。对学者症候群行为的研究进行了综述，以确定其与关于一般智力功能在特殊技能发展中的重要性的观念的相关性。得出的结论是：(a) 学者症候群所展现的技能与无障碍人群的技能有许多共同特征；(b) 这种技能通常至少在认知成就标准化测量的某些子测试中伴随着正常水平的表现；(c) 尚不清楚学者症候群患者是否具有独特的认知优势或动机倾向，尽管他们在某些类型的残疾人群中的相对患病率表明存在易患因素。作者提出，这些技能通常反映了高度精细的前概念表征系统。
