Yaniv Dani
Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, The Graduate School of Creative Arts Therapies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Front Psychol. 2018 Nov 14;9:2083. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02083. eCollection 2018.
Human mind is hypothesis-driven and our observations of the world are strongly shaped by preconceptions. This "top-down" principle is biologically driven and contraindicative to spontaneity, which is non-linear, condensed, and initially incomprehensible. My first argument is that spontaneity entails "bottom up" information processing, as articulated in the hierarchical neurocognitive model of perception. My second argument is that changing the balance between these two processes is important and feasible. Insights from psychodynamic transference and savant syndrome are presented to support these ideas. Uniting these contemporary notions with some essentials of J. L. Moreno's philosophy is my third goal. By violating predictions and expectations, psychodrama interferes with top-down "conserved" processing and cultivates here and now, stimulus-dependent spontaneous acts. Further evidence is presented in support of the claim that adult spontaneity leads to enhanced cognition and creativity through imitating the child's brain, as Moreno envisioned. Because spontaneity is formed before having the evidence for its truth or adequacy, it entails, in adults, overcoming apprehensions about acting without a theory in mind. This is what means and it requires training, which psychodrama fosters on its stage laboratory.
人类思维是由假设驱动的,我们对世界的观察很大程度上受到先入之见的影响。这种“自上而下”的原则是由生物学驱动的,与自发性相反,自发性是非线性的、浓缩的,且最初难以理解。我的第一个观点是,正如感知的层次神经认知模型所阐述的那样,自发性需要“自下而上”的信息处理。我的第二个观点是,改变这两个过程之间的平衡既重要又可行。文中呈现了精神动力学移情和学者综合征的见解来支持这些观点。将这些当代观念与J. L. 莫雷诺哲学的一些要点相结合是我的第三个目标。通过违背预测和预期,心理剧会干扰自上而下的“保守”处理,并培养此时此地、依赖刺激的自发行为。文中还提供了进一步的证据来支持这样的说法,即正如莫雷诺所设想的那样,成人的自发性通过模仿儿童的大脑,能够增强认知和创造力。因为自发性是在有证据证明其真实性或充分性之前形成的,所以在成年人中,它需要克服在没有理论指导的情况下行动的担忧。这就是其含义所在,它需要训练,而心理剧在其舞台实验室中促进了这种训练。