Quantitative MRI markers of the liver are attractive diagnostic tools of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, measurements are confounded by physiological factors, such as hydration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the dynamic effects of hydration with isotonic drinks on quantitative MRI measurements of the liver in healthy male individuals. Shortened modified Look-Locker inversion recovery-based (shMOLLI) , , proton density fat fraction (PDFF), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), stiffness, and volume of the liver, as well as shMOLLI and volume of the spleen were measured repeatedly in six healthy male volunteers at 3 T after ingesting 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 L of isotonic drink on three different days. data were fitted to a first-order linear time-invariant system model, descriptive statistics were calculated for the other parameters, and linear mixed models were employed to assess co-variates of quantitative MRI parameters. Liver showed a maximum absolute increase of 58, 60, and 90 ms, while spleen showed a maximum absolute increase of 45, 70, and 150 ms corresponding to 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 L of isotonic drink, respectively. The maximum change in ADC, , liver volume and spleen volume gradually increased, while that in liver stiffness gradually decreased with increasing amounts of isotonic drinks. PDFF values had no dependence on the volume of ingested isotonic drink. First-order models showed increasing time constants for both the liver and the spleen corresponding to increasing isotonic drink volumes. Liver time constants were only dependent on ingested drink volume. This study explored the effect of different volumes of isotonic drink and quantitative liver MRI markers. We found that the increase in likely bears clinical significance, however, the variation observed in the other parameters need further investigation and validation in a larger cohort.
背景：干草中的有机粉尘是马哮喘的主要诱因。 目的：（1）引入一种新型干草振动器（HS）装置，用于标准化产生干草粉尘，以便同时测量各种颗粒物（PM）粒径分数。（2）将这些测量结果与马的呼吸区（BZ）中的测量结果进行比较，以评估环境和个体因素的影响。 研究设计：对比实验研究。 方法：开发了一种产生粉尘的HS。在50匹马（26匹健康马，24匹哮喘马）进食干草期间，使用气溶胶监测仪（DustTrak DRX 8534）在HS（HS-PMx）和BZ（BZ-PMx）中测量了客户提供的50份干草样本中的总粉尘（PMT）和粒径分数（PM1、PM2.5、PM4和PM10，代表粒径，单位为μm）。线性回归分析评估了每个粒径分数下HS-PMx与ln BZ-PMx之间的关系，同时考虑了环境因素（湿度、温度）和个体因素（马的特征和进食行为，通过干草接触评分评估）。 结果：HS在所有PM粒径下均产生了可测量的粉尘。回归模型解释了ln BZ-PMx方差的69%至73%，表明在所有粒径分数下HS-PMx与ln BZ-PMx之间存在弱正相关。干草接触评分与ln BZ-PMx的正相关最强。对于某些粒径，群体、环境温度和湿度与ln BZ-PMx呈负相关。最终模型将HS-PM4、干草接触评分、群体、温度和湿度作为预测因子，对BZ-PM4显示出强大的预测准确性（调整后R = 0.73）。 主要局限性：未评估干草粉尘和劣质干草的临床影响。 结论：HS能可靠地产生干草粉尘，用于测量对马呼吸健康至关重要的标准PM分数，特别是可吸入的PM4。BZ粉尘浓度受进食行为的显著影响。HS提供了一种评估干草质量的标准化方法，有助于在选择干草时做出明智决策，以支持圈养马匹的呼吸健康。
Whooping cough (pertussis) is a bacterial infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. It poses a significant risk, especially in neonates. This contagious respiratory infection is transmitted via the aerosol route from human reservoirs. The severe form can lead to mortality in approximately 70% of cases. The aim of our study is to report the severity of malignant whooping cough in neonates and the potential contribution of exchange transfusion to improving prognosis. In this case, a 26-day-old infant presented with malignant whooping cough, confirmed by PCR testing. Initial clinical findings included tachycardia, fever, dyspnea, and right apical lesion with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Despite initial treatment with josamycin and supportive measures, the patient's condition deteriorated, requiring an exchange transfusion, which led to clinical improvement. The patient was successfully discharged after a 12-day hospitalization. Exchange transfusion should be considered for malignant whooping cough with leukocytosis and acute respiratory failure, but enhancing vaccination coverage remains the most effective prevention strategy.
Dermatophytosis pose a significant burden on patients leading to recurrence and decreased quality of life owing to inadequate patient education and non-compliance to the treatment. There is a potential role of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing patient counseling by providing personalized, accessible, and consistent information and can support physician-led counseling, ultimately improving treatment adherence and outcomes.
BACKGROUND: Fungi are ubiquitous in horses' environment. Their contribution to the pathophysiology of severe asthma (SA) is acknowledged, while controversies remain for mild-moderate asthma (MA). OBJECTIVES: We hypothesised that fungi are a risk factor for asthma. Our objective was to compare different combinations of analytical methods (cytology, culture) and sampling sites (tracheal wash (TW), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)) in relation to clinical status (control, MA, SA). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: The study population included asymptomatic racing horses in the field and horses referred to the hospital for respiratory investigations. Fungi were detected by cytology and identified by mycology on TW and pooled BALF. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regressions were used for prevalence comparison between groups and association with clinical investigations. RESULTS: In total 155 horses (85 MA, 35 SA and 35 controls) were included in the study. The overall proportions of fungal detection in TW ranged from 45.7% to 89.4% among groups. The prevalence of fungal detection in BALF was significantly lower by cytology for SA (5.7%) than MA horses (23.6%) and significantly higher by culture for MA horses (31.8%) than controls (8.6%). Fungal detection by culture in BALF was significantly associated with high tracheal mucus score, high neutrophil proportions in BALF and diagnosis of MA. MAIN LIMITATIONS: Mycology was only performed in pooled BALF, and environment was not sampled. CONCLUSIONS: Fungi were significantly more prevalent in the airways of MA horses than SA and/or controls. Fungal detection on TW, either by cytology or culture, was uninformative in a clinical context. Fungal detection by culture, but not cytology in BALF was associated with MA.
BACKGROUND: Sycamore tree-derived hypoglycin A (HGA) toxin causes atypical myopathy (AM), an acute, equine pasture-associated rhabdomyolysis but incidence fluctuates. OBJECTIVES: Investigate whether tree or environmental factors influence HGA concentration in sycamore material and are associated with AM relative risk. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective and experimental prospective study. METHODS: UK sycamore population, seed production and AM incidence data were obtained. HGA concentration was measured in seeds from trees from 10 different central UK locations. The effect of tar spot infection, seed maturity, tree trunk girth, location (urban/countryside), AM cases within 130 m, soil type, facing direction of seeds on the tree and year on seed HGA concentration was examined. HGA concentration was compared in whole and homogenated seeds stored in different ways. RESULTS: HGA concentration in sycamore seeds was not associated with tree tar spot infection, location, trunk girth, seed weight or branch-facing direction but HGA concentration in sycamore seeds varied significantly and in parallel year on year in the same trees. Trees in the same vicinity tended to have similar HGA concentrations in their seeds when compared with those from farther afield. Seed production estimates were positively correlated with regional AM case incidence (τb = 0.3; p = 0.007). HGA sycamore seed concentration remained stable as seeds matured, but HGA declined in leaves as they wilted in autumn. Warmer and wet storage resulted in higher HGA concentrations in seed homogenates but not in whole seeds. HGA was detected in water containing sycamore seeds for 48 h. MAIN LIMITATIONS: Lack of accurate weather data; sampling restricted to central England. CONCLUSIONS: Tree factors that were investigated did not affect HGA concentration in sycamore seeds but HGA concentrations varied year on year. AM incidence is related to seed production; conditions that mimic browsing and ingestion increased seed HGA concentration. HGA toxicity could occur from contaminated water sources.
BACKGROUND: Orotracheal intubation is commonly performed for inhalation anaesthesia in horses to ensure safe and reliable administration of volatile anaesthetics and to secure the airways. In human and equine medicine, the occurrence of intubation-associated complications has been described, which can range from mild mucosal irritation to severe necrosis. However, there are only sparse descriptions of mucosal alterations and the course of healing after elective surgery in horses. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and severity of tracheal lesions following endotracheal intubation associated with general anaesthesia in equine patients. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, clinical study. METHODS: Forty adult Warmblood horses, weighing 400-600 kg, presented for elective surgery under general anaesthesia were included. For orotracheal intubation, a silicone tube was used and inflated until a cuff pressure of 40 cmHO was confirmed. In all horses, endoscopic examination of the trachea with video documentation was performed prior to intubation and immediately after extubation, as well as 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after general anaesthesia. The type (redness, secretion, bleeding, erosions) and degree (0 = non-existent to 4 = severe) of corresponding lesions were assessed and scored. The occurrences of clinical signs were recorded. Statistical evaluation was performed using Friedman's test and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: The median score immediately after recovery from anaesthesia was 6 (2-12) and increased significantly to 11 (4-15) after 1 day (p = 0.021). At day 7, the median score was 0 (0-2) with only four horses showing signs of mild tracheitis, and clinical signs were not observed throughout this time period. The duration of intubation correlated with the degree of tracheal damage (r = 0.67, p < 0.001). MAIN LIMITATIONS: Clinical, non-randomised study without a control group. CONCLUSION: Although orotracheal intubation was accompanied by focal inflammation of the trachea, in the present study no horses showed clinical signs and lesions healed within a week.
二尖瓣反流（MR）是一种常见的心脏瓣膜疾病，对于老年患者或合并其他疾病的患者而言，手术风险较高。MitraClip疗法是一种经皮二尖瓣修复方法，为心脏直视手术提供了一种安全有效的替代方案，并且已在实际临床环境中得到验证。迄今为止，MitraClip疗法的重症护理经验仍然有限。我们旨在介绍并讨论一例接受MitraClip疗法后频繁发生心室颤动（VFiB）患者的重症护理经验。病例研究。我们从病历中回顾并检索了必要信息。一名73岁重度MR男性患者接受MitraClip疗法后被转入心血管重症监护病房（CICU），并在72小时内发生了三次频繁的VFiB发作。他需要进行标准心肺复苏（CPR）以及9次150J的非同步除颤，同时给予血压支持（去甲肾上腺素）、补钾、抗感染药物（头孢曲松和左氧氟沙星）、抗凝治疗（氯吡格雷和依诺肝素钠）以及营养支持（白蛋白和肠内营养）。患者最终恢复窦性心律，拔除气管插管，在CICU住院5天后，转至普通心脏病病房。有效的治疗和优质的护理，包括应用紧急干预措施、纠正频繁发生VFiB的可能原因、给予抗凝治疗、监测其他并发症以及提供康复和营养支持，促成了患者的顺利出院。重症护理护士在提供复苏、专科护理、康复和营养支持方面起着关键作用。本文系统整合了针对这一特定患者群体频繁发生VFiB的护理管理的循证策略。通过提供关于评估、应急反应、除颤后护理和并发症预防的结构化指导，为重症护理团队提供了可操作的知识，以提高患者安全性、优化康复轨迹并规范重症护理环境中的最佳实践。
BACKGROUND: Papaya is susceptible to chilling injury (CI) during low-temperature storage. However, it is noteworthy that papaya stored at 1 °C exhibits milder CI symptoms, potentially attributed to alterations in cell wall metabolism. To unravel the cellular wall metabolic pathways underlying this abnormal CI response in papaya, our research conducted proteomic analysis on fruit stored at 1 and 6 °C for 12, 24 and 36 days. RESULTS: Analysis of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) revealed temperature as the primary driver of expression divergence, with 122 DEPs (115 downregulated, 7 upregulated) identified across three comparison groups (1-12 versus 6-12, 1-24 versus 6-24, 1-36 versus 6-36). Enrichment showed significant involvement in carbohydrate metabolism, cell wall biogenesis and β-galactosidase activity, with galactose metabolism as a key pathway. Further screening based on proteomic data identified 20 DEPs specifically linked to cell wall metabolism. Protein-protein interaction analyses highlighted the crucial roles of these DEPs in lignin synthesis, responses to biological stresses and overall cell wall metabolism. CONCLUSION: The findings reveal that papaya stored at 1 °C modulates the expression of proteins related to cell wall metabolism, inhibiting the degradation of cell wall components. This, in turn, fortifies cell wall stability, maintains tissue integrity and ultimately mitigates the progression of CI. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
背景：充足的维生素供应对细胞和免疫功能以及正常生长至关重要。关于马驹血清维生素浓度随年龄变化的现有数据有限。此外，尚未描述循环维生素浓度与马驹支气管肺炎发生之间的关联。 目的：（1）量化马驹从出生到断奶期间维生素C、D和E的循环浓度；（2）确定此期间维生素浓度与支气管肺炎发生之间的关联。 研究设计：前瞻性队列研究。 方法：从100匹最初健康的温血马驹出生至5月龄连续采集血样。每周评估健康状况，并记录亚临床和临床支气管肺炎的发生情况。断奶后，将马驹分为健康、亚临床和临床肺炎组，每组随机选取15匹小马驹的样本，通过酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）和高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对维生素C、D和E进行定量分析。采用线性混合模型分析数据（p < 0.05）。 结果：健康马驹与患有亚临床或临床肺炎的马驹之间，维生素C、D和E的循环浓度没有差异。马驹年龄以维生素特异性方式显著影响维生素浓度（p < 0.001）。维生素C和E的浓度在出生后第一周升高，然后下降直至断奶。8周龄及以前诊断为肺炎的马驹在肺炎诊断时的维生素C浓度高于健康马驹。维生素D浓度在第7天最低，然后稳步上升直至断奶。 主要局限性：纳入的马驹数量较少，由于环境和农场管理因素，结果可能特定于本研究群体。 结论：马驹体内维生素C、D和E的循环浓度随年龄变化，但似乎与支气管肺炎的发生无关。
背景：空肠盲肠造口术（JC）常需绕过病变的回肠，作为小肠侧侧（SS）吻合术并封闭小肠盲端。尚未研究盲端封闭方法对吻合术效果的影响。 目的：比较回肠和空肠手工缝合与吻合器封闭盲端的效果。 研究设计：体内实验。 方法：采用帕克 - 克尔（PK；6匹马）或连续缝合吻合器技术（OS；6匹马）进行JC，以封闭空肠和回肠进行SS吻合。手术时，分析腹腔液并记录各种吻合测量数据及完成吻合的时间。术后记录身体和血液学检查结果以及血清淀粉样蛋白A（SAA）。在第7天尸检时，重复吻合测量和腹腔液分析。收集手术和尸检时的组织进行组织学和免疫组织学评估。 结果：2匹采用PK方法的马发生空肠盲端套叠进入盲肠，另一匹采用PK方法的马因吻合口梗阻而实施安乐死。1匹采用OS方法的马术后出现轻度绞痛。两组术后外周中性粒细胞计数和SAA相似，但两组中SAA均随时间显著增加（0.5mg/L [0.3, 0.7]，p < 0.001）。采用OS方法的空肠盲端（4.7cm [4.41, 6.85]）明显更大（采用PK方法的为3.5cm [3.3, 4.08]，p = 0.004），且采用OS方法封闭盲端的时间（18.6分钟±1.32）明显更长（采用PK方法的为11.3分钟±0.37，p = 0.002）。在采用OS方法封闭时，外翻吻合器缝线和内翻缝合线之间出现炎症，而在采用PK方法时，炎症沿横断边缘出现。手术时（19g/L [19, 19]）至尸检时腹腔液总蛋白显著增加（至34g/L [
背景：大豆是一种具有高营养价值和功能价值的豆类，富含蛋白质、脂质和维生素。蛋白质浓缩物是动物蛋白的有前景的替代品，其技术特性可能会受到种植系统的影响。本研究旨在评估两种不同的种植系统和环境——低地和高地土壤——对三种大豆基因型的籽粒农艺性能和品质参数及其蛋白质浓缩物的影响。 结果：在基因型之间观察到株高差异，在V6阶段种植系统没有显著影响；然而，在R4阶段，注意到有变化。化学成分因基因型而异，BRS 257在低地土壤中表现出最高的蛋白质含量（428.4 g/kg）。在高地土壤中种植的两种基因型的产量较高。平均而言，高地生产的籽粒烹饪时间（66分钟）比低地生产的籽粒（75分钟）短。在蛋白质含量至少为800.0 g/kg的浓缩物中，吸油能力和乳化行为不受种植系统的影响；然而，低地种植的基因型的吸水率较高（6640 g/kg）。低地生产的大豆中的泡沫形成和稳定性显示出最大体积，随着时间的推移体积减小，但除了BMX Delta IPRO外仍保持优势。 结论：这些基因型表现出令人满意的农艺性能，在作物生态系统中具有足够的潜力，并且在工业应用方面具有有前景的技术特性，对两种系统都有适应性。© 2025作者。《食品与农业科学杂志》由约翰·威利父子有限公司代表化学工业协会出版。
The prevalence of allergic asthma is increasing worldwide and it is important that new treatments are implemented. This study aimed to thoroughly investigate the effect of prebiotics on parameters indicative of allergic asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA), house dust mites (HDM) and OVA + lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The review was registered in the Open Science Framework (registration ID: osf.io/du4ab). PRISMA and web-app Rayyan were used as tools for the selection of studies collected in seven databases: PubMed; ScienceDirect; Web of Science; Scielo; Scopus; EMBASE; and Google Scholar with the use of predetermined keywords and Medical Subject Heading terms of the National Library of Medicine. Eight studies involving 182 mice and rats were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed a significant reduction in the total number of inflammatory cells and in the isolated number of inflammatory cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils (P < 0.05). The results also revealed a significant decrease in the concentration of interleukins 13 and 33 in lung tissue. The present study demonstrated that prebiotic supplementation in the diet of rats and mice, as preclinical models, mitigates indicative parameters, inflammatory cells and interleukins, of allergic asthma induced by OVA, HDM or OVA + LPS. These beneficial results encourage randomized clinical trials to be carried out aiming at the prevention/treatment of allergic asthma. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
背景：出口持续时间对于积累经验和促进学习至关重要。本文利用中国农产品出口的六位海关编码数据，将出口持续时间和进入新市场纳入一个统一框架，以研究农产品出口持续时间对进入新市场的影响及潜在机制。 结果：结果表明，出口持续时间对进入新市场有倒U形影响。这种影响因获取出口学习效应的地区、农产品加工水平以及受非关税壁垒影响的程度而异。机制检验结果还表明，出口持续时间主要通过两个渠道影响农产品进入新市场的概率：信息搜索成本的降低和全要素生产率的提高。有证据表明，出口持续时间在市场和产品层面都对进入新市场有溢出效应，这导致了新市场进入决策中的路径依赖。 结论：这些发现为发展中国家的政策制定者提供了有价值的见解，有助于设计有效的贸易政策、促进农产品出口以及实现出口市场多元化。© 2025 化学工业协会
背景 窒息事件会损害许多重要器官的功能，如脑、心脏和肾脏。心脏功能障碍是由于心内膜下组织、乳头肌和心肌的缺氧损伤所致。本研究的目的是评估窒息新生儿的心肌肌钙蛋白T水平、心肌功能障碍、对血管活性药物的需求、缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）分期与预后之间的相关性。 方法 本队列研究对48例年龄在（1 - 28）天的新生儿进行，性别不限，均经历围产期窒息，并于2022年9月至2023年8月期间入住本哈大学医院新生儿重症监护病房。新生儿进行了血常规、肝肾功能及血清肌钙蛋白T水平的血液检测。此外，在最初3天内对这些患者进行了超声心动图和磁共振成像评估。 结果 心肌功能障碍（收缩或舒张功能障碍）、需要血管活性药物支持、机械通气或死亡的新生儿肌钙蛋白T水平显著更高。肌钙蛋白T水平与通过阿氏评分和萨纳特分期评估的HIE严重程度显著相关。ROC曲线显示，心肌肌钙蛋白T水平在截断值分别>0.18 ng/mL、>0.18 ng/mL和>0.18 ng/mL时，在检测HIE患者的心肌功能障碍、发病率和死亡率方面具有较高的准确性，敏感性可靠（84.2% - 92.3%），特异性也较高（88.2% - 93.1%）。 结论 HIE病例中，心肌肌钙蛋白T升高高度提示心肌功能障碍。它与窒息新生儿的HIE严重程度、发病率和死亡率显著相关。
背景 糖尿病母亲的婴儿（IDMs）在儿童期和青少年期易患肥胖症和代谢并发症。虽然多项研究发现IDMs在儿童期存在生长差异，但关于早期婴儿期生长的数据却很稀少。本研究旨在评估替代人体测量参数，这些参数能更详细地评估IDMs出生后前6周的身体生长情况。 方法 对晚期早产儿和足月儿IDMs进行前瞻性队列研究，并将非糖尿病母亲的婴儿作为对照。产后记录基本人口统计学、分娩特征、母亲人体测量学和出生人体测量学，包括体格测量参数。随访测量直至6周。使用STATA进行统计分析。 结果 IDMs在6周时身长体重比更高，出生时和6周龄时BMI更高。上臂围在出生时具有显著差异，但在6周龄时无显著差异。糖尿病组的出生体重和大于胎龄儿比例显著更高。在6周时，14%的糖尿病母亲婴儿超重，尽管无统计学意义。 结论 在本研究中，尽管样本量较小，但IDMs在体格测量参数方面似乎存在显著差异，且在出生后早期（出生后6周）超重患病率更高。对更大样本量的糖尿病母亲婴儿的生长和代谢参数进行密切监测，对于更好地监测并发症和获得更好的长期结局是必要的，因为他们的身体组成在婴儿早期可能与IDMs不同。
背景：已有研究描述了基于面部表情对幼驹进行疼痛评估的方法。 目的：扩展先前关于幼驹乌得勒支大学马面部疼痛评估量表（EQUUS-FAP FOAL）的初步研究结果。 研究设计：前瞻性盲法病例对照研究（已知组分析）。 方法：收集了n = 100匹幼驹（38例患者和62例对照）的视频记录（30 - 60秒）。视频被随机分配，由两名观察者评分，观察者对动物的状况不知情。通过组内相关系数（ICC）分析检验观察者间和观察者内的一致性。使用曼-惠特尼U检验检验患者与对照之间的差异，使用威尔科克森符号秩检验检验镇痛治疗前后的差异。进行多水平二项逻辑回归以对每个疼痛量表项目进行统计加权。进行受试者工作特征（ROC）分析以确定敏感性、特异性和临界值。 结果：EQUUS-FAP FOAL显示出良好的观察者间和观察者内可靠性（ICC系数分别为0.85和0.90，p < 0.001）。与对照相比，患者的疼痛评分显著更高（中位数评分7，四分位间距5.3 - 7.5）（中位数评分2.5，四分位间距1 - 3，p < 0.001），并且患者的疼痛评分在镇痛治疗后降低（中位数评分6.5，四分位间距5 - 8与中位数评分4.5，四分位间距3.5 - 6.5，p < 0.05）。多水平二项逻辑回归显示了各个量表项目的相对重要性。使用原始量表，基于临界值≥4，敏感性和特异性分别为88.2%（95%置信区间76% - 96%）和87.9%（81% - 98%），ROC曲线下面积为94.9%（92% - 98%）。基于逻辑回归输出的加权量表的这些值保持相似。 主要局限性：纳入患者的视频较短，且由马厩前的人员采集。 结论：当前研究表明，EQUUS-FAP FOAL可有效用于评估幼驹的急性疼痛。
背景：南瓜籽是常见的食用坚果。尽管其过敏潜力一直被忽视，但南瓜籽蛋白（PS pro）中存在的主要过敏原尚未明确。据报道，热处理是一种有效的脱敏方法。然而，热处理对PS pro的脱敏效果及其作用机制均未明确。 结果：分子量约为15、35和55 kDa的蛋白条带是在PS pro中鉴定出的主要过敏原。与其他条带相比，10 - 15 kDa左右的蛋白质对热处理具有更强的抗性。疏水键有助于烘焙后过敏原保留抗体结合能力，而二级结构的减少导致水煮后过敏原的致敏性降低。构建了致敏期相对较长的对PS pro过敏的小鼠模型，证明参数（120℃烘焙25分钟）能够降低敏感性。从三个方面探讨了脱敏机制：（i）脾脏和肠系膜淋巴结中的Th2反应均受到抑制；（ii）肠道微生物群落发生变化，厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比例降低，柠檬酸梭菌和约翰逊乳杆菌的丰度均增加；（iii）乙酸、丁酸和异丁酸的含量增加。 结论：热处理可从过敏原结构变化和过敏小鼠体内反应方面降低PS pro的敏感性。我们的研究可为脱敏食品和过敏疫苗的生产提供有价值的加工参数，并为过敏发病机制研究提供现实依据。© 2025化学工业协会。
背景：鱼类的三维（3D）打印结合了新颖的加工技术和鱼类的营养特性。尽管客户接受度有所提高，但这些产品的制造是对抗营养缺乏症的有效策略。在本研究中，评估了面粉类型对富含海洋脂质的3D打印鱼类产品的近似成分、氨基酸谱、矿物质谱、蛋白质质量指标和效益风险比的影响。 结果：观察到以小麦粉为基础的产品蛋白质含量较高（430.2 g/kg）。赖氨酸是主要存在的氨基酸。与以玉米粉为基础的产品相比，以小麦粉为基础的产品的必需氨基酸指数、营养指数和生物价等指标分别为67.47、29.02和61.84，而以玉米粉为基础的产品分别为65.26、21.03和66.1。产品中有毒重金属的含量非常低，汞、钴、铬和镍低于检测水平。两种烘焙产品中的磷含量都令人满意（以小麦粉和玉米粉为基础的产品中分别为2096和1680 ppm）。产品的效益风险比分析得出的值低于1。 结论：所开发的3D打印鱼类产品具有最佳的营养成分。对于3D打印产品而言，钙和钾的含量令人满意，铁和锌的含量合理。谷氨酸是主要氨基酸，其次是天冬氨酸、亮氨酸和赖氨酸。该研究表明食用基于鱼类的3D打印产品具有有益效果。© 2025化学工业协会。
背景 本研究的主要目的是评估新冠疫情期间产后母亲的抑郁、对新冠病毒的恐惧以及感知到的社会支持，并研究它们对受影响母亲心理状态及其社会支持感知的影响。 研究设计 这是一项涵盖2021年的病例对照分析队列研究，纳入围产期感染新冠病毒和未感染新冠病毒的母亲。 结果 纳入140名母亲样本（73名新冠病毒检测呈阳性，67名新冠病毒检测呈阴性）。感染新冠病毒的母亲中产后抑郁患病率为90.40%，而对照组为77.60%（P = 0.002）。两组之间对新冠病毒的恐惧平均得分相当。受影响的母亲感觉到身边可提供支持的人较少（P = 0.001），而满意度感觉几乎相同。 结论 在妇幼保健单位实施心理健康服务有助于提供心理支持并减轻母亲的心理困扰症状。
目的/背景：气候变化引发了人们对葡萄中花青素与糖分水平失衡的担忧。高温往往会通过抑制花青素合成和增加其降解来降低花青素含量，同时又会促进糖分积累。应用能促进花青素生物合成途径的诱导剂，可能有助于缓解这种失衡。 方法：为对此进行研究，对酿酒葡萄品种丹魄进行了为期四年的田间试验，以评估四种商业产品的效果：两种基于天然物质的产品（一种抗氧化剂-甘露醇产品和一种海藻酸-甘露醇产品）以及两种基于植物激素的产品（一种脱落酸产品和一种乙烯利产品）。该研究评估了这些处理对苯丙烷类途径基因表达、各种产量参数以及初级和次级代谢产物含量的影响。 结果：尽管没有一种处理能在各个季节持续提高花青素水平，但结果因年份而异。两种产品在特定季节影响了一些参数：基于乙烯利的产品通过降低总可溶性固形物（TSS）影响花青素与糖分的比例，并诱导关键花青素基因的表达；基于天然物质的抗氧化剂-甘露醇产品则短暂增加了一些苯丙烷类基因的表达。 结论：没有一种处理能在各个季节提高花青素水平。乙烯利（Fruitel）在温度胁迫下显示出更大的效果，并减少了糖分积累，这在气候变暖的情况下可能具有优势。像抗氧化剂-甘露醇诱导剂（Vitalfit）这样的天然诱导剂对基因表达有短期影响，但对花青素没有持久影响。需要进一步研究来评估它们对其他多酚的影响及其商业应用潜力。© 2025作者。《食品与农业科学杂志》由约翰·威利父子有限公司代表化学工业协会出版。
鲜切苹果因其便利性和营养价值而广受欢迎，但由于酶促褐变、微生物污染和质地降解，其品质会迅速下降，传统的保鲜方法在有效保持新鲜度和延长货架期方面存在局限性；尽管物理、化学和生物保鲜策略以及组学和人工智能（AI）技术的整合取得了最新进展，提供了有前景的替代方案，但仍缺乏对这些新兴技术、其作用机制及其实际应用进行系统评估的全面综述。本综述批判性地分析了鲜切苹果创新保鲜策略的最新进展，重点关注先进的物理、化学和生物方法，探讨了组学技术在理解保鲜机制中的作用，强调了AI在质量评估中的应用，并讨论了这些方法的优点、挑战和未来前景，提供了它们与传统技术相比有效性的比较观点。主要研究结果表明，与传统方法相比，创新保鲜方法在减少褐变、控制微生物生长以及保持感官和营养特性方面已显示出卓越的功效，栅栏技术的整合在提高品质保留方面具有协同效应，AI和智能包装系统提供实时质量监测以优化储存条件；然而，成本、监管批准和消费者接受度等挑战仍然存在，因此未来的研究应侧重于优化可扩展的、环保的解决方案并提高消费者意识以促进市场采用，本综述为制定鲜切苹果的下一代保鲜策略提供了全面参考。
背景：微循环是体循环与细胞代谢之间的关键环节。 目的：验证我们的假设，即在内毒素血症实验期间微循环变量将呈现异质性血流模式，以及液体治疗和去甲肾上腺素（NA）输注将使改变的微循环变量恢复正常。 研究设计：体内实验。 方法：对6匹健康成年马使用右美托咪定、氯胺酮和地西泮进行麻醉，并在异氟烷麻醉下进行机械通气。静脉注射30 ng/kg大肠杆菌脂多糖诱导内毒素血症。120分钟后给予液体推注和去甲肾上腺素（NA）输注以维持正常血压。测量脉搏率（PR）和平均动脉血压（MAP），并通过旁流暗视野技术（德贝克尔密度（DBD）、灌注德贝克尔密度（PDBD）、灌注血管比例、微血管血流指数（MFI）、异质性指数（HI））、激光多普勒血流仪（血流）和白光光谱法（组织氧饱和度（tSO））在舌下、空肠和生殖区域获取微循环变量。在基线、内毒素注射后、60分钟和120分钟以及正常血压阶段进行测量。数据通过混合模型方差分析和Tukey-Kramer法进行分析。 结果：空肠处的脉压变异度（PPV）随时间显著下降30%（p < 0.001）。舌下和生殖黏膜的MFI从基线到内毒素注射后60分钟以及从基线到内毒素注射后120分钟均下降（分别为2.9对1.4，p < 0.001；2.8对1.9，p < 0.01）。舌下HI从基线到内毒素注射后60分钟、120分钟和NA阶段均升高（分别为0.1对0.9，p = 0.02；对0.6，p = 0.01；对0.3，p = 0.01）。生殖HI从基线到内毒素注射后120分钟升高（0.2对1.1，p≤0.01），到NA阶段也升高（分别为0.16对0.53，p < 0.05）。观察者之间对MFI评估的一致性为中等（kappa = 0.4）。PR随时间从基线显著升高，MAP随时间从基线显著下降。 主要局限性：所获得的数据可能受到分泌物、压力伪像、检查者经验和采样位置的影响。血流未进行量化，且没有对照组。 结论：总体而言，短期实验性内毒素血症对MFI和HI有负面改变；然而，它并未改变tSO、血流、DBD、PDBD或灌注血管比例。静脉液体治疗和NA未能将MFI和HI恢复到基线值。
衰老与细菌感染易感性增加有关，尤其是耐多药（MDR）菌株，这常常导致抗生素治疗失败以及老年人的高死亡率。然而，有效的预防和治疗策略仍然有限。在此，我们表明与年轻小鼠相比，老年小鼠对耐黏菌素的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌血清型和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌表现出更高的易感性。值得注意的是，预先补充褪黑素（一种在衰老肠道中显著减少的激素）通过增强微生物定植抗性有效地限制了老年小鼠中的耐多药细菌感染。从机制上讲，褪黑素诱导的肠道微生物群变化，特别是包括粪杆菌属、毛螺菌科和瘤胃球菌属在内的产丁酸细菌的富集，在增强对病原菌的抗性中起关键作用。预先补充褪黑素后肠道丁酸盐水平升高不仅维持了肠道屏障完整性并减轻了炎症衰老，还通过破坏细胞内pH稳态直接抑制病原菌生长，导致质子动力势耗散和代谢紊乱。这些发现强调褪黑素及其代谢产物丁酸盐是预防老年人群中耐多药细菌感染的有希望的候选物。
We analyzed the feasibility of using a UTE stack-of-spirals turbo FLASH (STFL) sequence to measure T relaxation in the Achilles tendon. Six HS (25-31 years) and five AT patients (32-47 years) participated. The study evaluates the clinical utility of the STFL sequence to generate T maps using mono-exponential (ME) and bi-exponential (BE) fitting models. In a phantom experiment, ME-T values and SNR estimated from the STFL sequence are compared with those of the Cartesian turbo FLASH (CTFL) sequence. In human subjects, we evaluate differences in estimated ME (ME-T) and BE parameters (short T, long T, and short fraction) between AT and HS groups along with repeatability of STFL. The agarose phantom demonstrates biases of 2.89% (3% agarose), -1.88% (5%), and -0.92% (7%) between ME-T values from STFL and CTFL. In the bovine Achilles tendon, STFL shows a large bias of -58.6%, with a lower median ME-T (2.9 ms) than CTFL (4.6 ms). SNR is higher in STFL (77.05-80.72 for 3%-7% agarose; 24.43 for bovine tendon) than CTFL (66.73-58.97 for agarose; 3.21 for bovine tendon). ME and BE parameters were averaged over the entire Achilles tendon, and none showed significant group differences (p > 0.05; effect size = 0.05-0.22). Subregional analysis showed that in the mid-Achilles tendon, short and long BE-T components were 26% and 37% lower in AT than HS, though not statistically significant. The LDA-combined BE parameter showed significant group separation in the midtendon region (p = 0.016; effect size = 1.53). In HS, the long BE-T component showed subregional variation (p = 0.006), increasing 58% from calcaneal to midtendon, and then decreasing 23% toward the intramuscular region. ME and BE fitting showed high repeatability with scan-rescan variations of 2.64% (T), 3.38% (short T), 3.0% (long T), and 0.21% (short fraction). We demonstrated the feasibility of using STFL for T quantification in the Achilles tendon.
BACKGROUND: Campylobacteriosis is a seasonal zoonosis most commonly caused by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli contaminants of chicken meat. The present study examined the prevalence of Campylobacter species in chicken meat industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina, during 2023, depending on the sampling season. The strategy to control the spread of campylobacteriosis includes laboratory processing of samples from the chicken meat industry throughout the year, as a result of climate change, with the aim of expanding knowledge and adopting adequate measures to combat this public health problem. RESULTS: The research included a total of 400 samples, comprising 100 samples of chicken meat, 100 samples of processed chicken meat products (salami, chicken ham, hot dogs, chicken pates, cold cuts), 100 swabs of work surfaces/cutting tables and 100 swabs of workers' hands collected from one slaughterhouse. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was high at the end of summer (13/25, 52%) in chicken meat samples (facility A), whereas samples of processed chicken meat products were negative. Only C. jejuni was isolated from chicken meat. CONCLUSION: The study confirmed the seasonal nature of C. jejuni, which peaks in late summer and early autumn, which should be taken into account when taking preventive measures in the chicken meat industry. The study indicates the importance of monitoring Campylobacter spp. in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which should be carried out regularly to gain a more precise insight into this issue. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Severe pneumonia remains a major global health burden owing to its high morbidity and mortality, placing substantial strain on healthcare systems. Although berberine shows therapeutic potential against lung infections, its effects and mechanisms in severe pneumonia are not fully defined. This study investigated how berberine ameliorates severe pneumonia by regulating the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) pathway, mitochondrial function, and cellular pyroptosis via inhibition of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2). Network pharmacology and bioinformatics were used to predict downstream targets of berberine for molecular docking and enrichment analysis. A severe pneumonia rat model and a cellular infection model were established, comprising a control group, a Klebsiella pneumoniae infection group, and berberine treatment groups at different doses. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL staining were performed to evaluate lung pathology, inflammatory cytokines, expression and localization of related proteins, apoptosis, and pyroptosis. Docking indicated tight binding of berberine to PTGS2 and modulation of multiple inflammation-related pathways. In vivo, berberine improved lung histopathology, reduced inflammatory cytokines, downregulated PTGS2 and proteins in the CLR pathway, enhanced mitochondrial function, and decreased pyroptosis-related protein levels; consistent effects were observed in vitro. These findings indicate that berberine targets the CLR pathway, inhibits PTGS2, and restores mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis, thereby reducing inflammation and tissue damage in severe pneumonia.
背景 胰岛素样生长因子1与神经和视网膜细胞成熟有关。优化胰岛素样生长因子1可能预防诸如早产儿视网膜病变等疾病。我们的目的是确定肠外营养中较高蛋白质对极低出生体重儿胰岛素样生长因子1和早产儿视网膜病变的影响。 方法 这是一项对胎龄合适的早产儿（<1250克）进行的前瞻性、双盲、随机对照试验的事后分析，这些早产儿在早期肠外营养中被随机分为高蛋白组（n = 53）或常规蛋白组（n = 47）。高蛋白组的目标蛋白摄入量为4克/千克/天，常规蛋白组为3克/千克/天。评估每周的胰岛素样生长因子1和标准视网膜检查。 结果 在控制出生后年龄、胎龄和性别后，胰岛素样生长因子1与蛋白质摄入组显著相关。高蛋白组的胰岛素样生长因子1增加了21.9%（P = 0.03）。任何早产儿视网膜病变或严重早产儿视网膜病变（≥3级和/或附加病变）与分组、实际每日蛋白摄入量或胰岛素样生长因子1均无关联。然而，高蛋白组与附加病变风险较低相关（OR 0.17，P = 0.02）。患有附加病变的婴儿平均胰岛素样生长因子1低25%（P = 0.052）。 结论 肠外营养中较高蛋白质与极低出生体重儿胰岛素样生长因子1增加和附加病变风险降低相关。
背景：皮肤黑色素瘤是最具侵袭性的皮肤癌形式。尽管一些研究探讨了欧洲黑色素瘤的流行病学，但关于其空间分布的数据有限。 材料与方法：进行了一项纵向生态研究，使用全球疾病负担数据库的数据分析2017年至2021年期间黑色素瘤的发病率和死亡率。通过国际疾病分类（ICD）-9和ICD-10编码在四个欧洲地理区域（不包括俄罗斯）识别男女病例。计算年龄标准化发病率和死亡率。使用GeoDa软件生成基于距离的空间权重矩阵来定义邻域结构。使用Getis-Ord Gi*统计量对空间集群进行热点分析。此外，计算死亡率与发病率之比。 结果：2017年至2021年期间，欧洲共诊断出606,448例新的黑色素瘤病例。北欧的男性和女性发病率和死亡率均较高。女性的所有发病率均持续较低。对于男性和女性，在瑞典、丹麦、荷兰和英国发现了发病率热点。相比之下，死亡率热点主要出现在北欧国家以及东欧。发病率冷点主要位于东南欧，而死亡率冷点主要集中在西班牙和葡萄牙。在此期间，欧洲的总体死亡率与发病率之比保持稳定，呈现出明显的东西梯度，东欧的死亡率相对于发病率更高。 结论：该分析揭示了不同的地理模式，其特征是发病率和死亡率呈南北梯度。相比之下，死亡率与发病率之比呈东西梯度，突出了医疗服务可及性的显著差异。
身体活动不足是一个普遍存在的健康问题，因此有必要广泛实施基于证据的行为改变干预措施。此类证据通常来自随机对照试验，但对于谁愿意参加并积极参与此类试验产生了疑问。本研究调查了预测不活跃亲子二元组在线身体活动干预参与度和留存率的因素。参与者从芬兰普通人群中招募，并被分配到干预组或等待名单对照组。干预措施包括在线材料、短信提示和四次在线课程。采用偏最小二乘回归模型分析自主动机、父母和孩子的性别、父母教育程度、就业状况以及招募来源作为干预留存率和参与度的预测因素。结果表明，较高的自主动机、母亲身份、社交媒体招募和大学教育可预测干预留存率。自主动机较强的父母、父亲、女儿的父母以及受过大学教育的父母参加课程的比例更高。这些发现凸显了自主动机和人口统计学因素在干预参与度方面的重要性。然而，已经有动机的参与者较高的参与度表明，要接触并干预那些可能从此类项目中获益最多的人存在挑战。未来的研究应探索吸引和留住积极性较低个体的策略，并调查不遵守规定背后的原因，以提高针对不活跃家庭的身体活动干预措施的有效性。
背景：角蛋白酶是一种特异性作用于角蛋白的蛋白酶，具有提高家禽养殖副产品羽毛利用率的潜力。然而，野生型角蛋白酶的活性通常需要优化以满足实际应用的需求。 结果：基于铜绿假单胞菌PAD21角蛋白酶KerD21在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达，开发了一种高通量单细胞筛选方法。最初针对活性位点的定点诱变显著提高了酸耐受性，但未能增强其活性。随后的定向进化产生了四种活性突变蛋白，其中KerD21-D124N A126E表现出最高活性（130.93±3.52 U mL），与野生型酶相比活性提高了180.17±4.24%。在乳酸菌发酵饲料系统中对优化后的KerD21-D124N A126E角蛋白酶的进一步评估表明，角蛋白降解显著增加。具体而言，发酵7天后，羽毛粉中的小肽含量从3.35±0.22%增加到15.82±0.07%。 结论：我们报道了一种用于工程改造铜绿假单胞菌角蛋白酶KerD21的高通量单细胞筛选方法的开发。该方法产生了一种角蛋白酶活性显著增强的突变蛋白，为提高羽毛利用率提供了一种潜在的有价值的方法。©2025化学工业协会。
背景：本研究在经济合作与发展组织（OECD）国家的环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）假说框架内，考察农业温室气体（GHG）排放、经济增长（EG）和金融发展（FD）之间的关系。利用2000年至2020年的数据，面板数据分析评估了包括EG、FD、外国直接投资（FDI）、农业能源消耗（EC）、人口（POP）、农业用地（LAND）和环境政策严格性（EPS）等变量。 结果：使用偏差调整后的普通最小二乘法（BA - OLS）获得的长期弹性估计表明，EG、FD与GHG排放之间存在倒U形关系。面板Fisher检验揭示了变量之间的因果模式。研究结果表明，EG和FD最初通过增加对农业部门的投资而增加了GHG排放，但一旦达到一定的收入或发展水平，排放就会下降，这支持了EKC假说。发现更严格的环境政策在减少排放方面是有效的。还发现人口增长通过提高农业生产力而减少排放，而LAND的扩张增加了排放。该研究的重要发现之一是环境政策、EG和FD之间的相互作用可以显著减少GHG排放。 结论：该研究强调了经合组织国家需要采取可持续的EG战略、收紧环境政策并推广可持续农业技术。建议通过经合组织国家之间的知识和技术转让来分享农业可持续性和低碳发展战略，以有效应对全球气候变化。总之，经合组织国家需要共同努力以促进低碳农业发展。© 2025化学工业协会。
Ephedrine (EPH) is a sympathomimetic drug that showed adverse effects on different body organs such as heart. Casuarinin (CAS) is a polyphenolic agent that exhibits various biological as well as pharmacological properties. The current research was performed to explore the mitigative attributes of CAS against EPH instigated sub-chronic cardiotoxicity. Thirty-six Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into control, EPH (20 mgkg), CAS (25 mgkg) + EPH (20 mgkg), and CAS (20 mgkg) alone administered group. Our findings revealed that EPH exposure provoked the gene expression of renin (REN), angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin I (Ang I), angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1), aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), and mineralocorticoid receptor (NR3C2). The enzymatic activities of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (54.30 %), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (62.38 %), glutathione reductase (GSR) (54.80 %), catalase (CAT) (67.54 %), glutathione (GSH) (62.14 %) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) (44.25 %) were suppressed while the concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (2518.52 %) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (2654.55 %) were provoked after EPH intoxication. Besides, the EPH exposure exacerbated the concentration of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (ProBNP) (179.39), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) (133.55 %), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) (180.72 %), C-reactive protein (CRP) (348.34 %), troponin-T (TnT) (1210.91 %), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (518.47 %), troponin-I (TnI) (1266.67 %) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (243.34 %). The expression of Bax, and Caspase-3 were augmented while the expression of Bcl-2 was diminished after EPH administration. Moreover, EPH escalates the levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) (471.71 %), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (304.16 %), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (219.96 %), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (316.76 %), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) (343.59 %) as well as significantly (p < 0.05) dysregulated the normal histology of cardiac tissues. Nevertheless, CAS treatment notably alleviated EPH instigated sub-chronic cardiac damage through the regulation of RAAS, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. These findings suggest that CAS could be employed as cardioprotective agent against EPH intoxication.
Agricultural expansion has led to the accumulation of neonicotinoid pesticides in water and soil, which are habitats for widespread cyanobacteria. However, the cyanobacteria-neonicotinoids interaction mechanisms remain unclear. This study first explores Thiamethoxam (THX) biodegradation by Nostoc sp. PCC7120, elucidating cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-mediated THX metabolism. Nostoc sp. PCC7120 could remove THX completely within 6 days mainly via biodegradation (75 %). While THX stimulates cell growth, evidence (damaged thylakoid membranes, lowered electron transfer efficiency, reduced photosynthetic pigments, and altered key gene expression) shows it disrupts photosynthesis. Furthermore, THX degradation involved ring opening, nitrate reduction, de-chlorination, and N-dealkylation; molecular dynamics simulations revealed THX stably binding (32.38 kcal/mol) to CYP450's active site and primary degradation via hydroxylation and de-chlorination. Ecotoxicity assessments show desmethyl and urea metabolites are more toxic to non-target organisms and humans than the parent compound. This study elucidates THX removal mechanisms and environmental fate, highlighting cyanobacteria's potential in bioremediation for agricultural wastewater.
This study presents a cost-effective approach to producing high-performance corn straw-derived porous carbon (CSC) electrodes with a hierarchical pore structure through a simple, one-step activation and templating process. The synthesized CSC achieved a maximum specific surface area of 1394.6 m/g. The specific capacitance reached 254.2F/g at 0.5 A/g, and the capacitance retention was 97.08 % after 15,000 charge-discharge cycles. The assembled supercapacitor demonstrated an energy density of 16.6 Wh/kg at 450 W/kg and successfully powered an LED bulb. The statistical fitting model indicated that the porous properties of CSC could be effectively regulated by adjusting the ratios of activator and template. Additionally, a structure-activity relationship model was developed to predict capacitance. These findings provide a technical strategy for producing low-cost porous carbon and offer important insights for the directed preparation and optimization of porous carbon with targeted performance, supporting its broader application in the energy sector.
This paper proposes an automatic search algorithm, A-star CNN-RNN or ACR, which is a hybrid of two deep learning algorithms: recurrent neural network (RNN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) combined with the A-star algorithm to locate and route lost gamma sources. The radiation dose rate of 5 consecutive steps 50 cm apart in 81 meshes simulated by the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) code was used as the input for deep learning models to predict the location of the lost gamma source, and performance of ACR was evaluated based on the average number of steps and failure rates of prediction in a room with different obstacles. In a room without obstacles, the average tracking steps of the ACR algorithm were approximately twice as low as that of the gradient search algorithm (GS). In a room with a single wall as an obstacle, the search accuracy of the GS algorithm decreases as the length of wall increases (failure rate of 44 % with an 8-m-long wall), while it was improved significantly in the ACR algorithm with failure rates smaller than 5 %. In the rooms with two parallel walls and an L-shaped wall as obstacles, the ACR algorithm still maintained its prediction accuracy of over 94 % without needing to re-training the deep learning models, and demonstrated its adaptability which can be a useful search algorithm in detecting a lost gamma source.
BACKGROUND: Mechanical Thrombectomy (MT) is a widely accepted first-line treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) and it has been studied using in vitro and in silico models. Thrombectomy outcomes have been performed for patient-specific cases using in silico models. However, until now, in vivo friction coefficients for stent-vessel, stent-clot, and clot-vessel interactions are unknown, but in vitro experiments have been attempted with significant standard deviations. These interactions and friction coefficients have been considered an important aspect of thrombectomy success. OBJECTIVES: In the current study, we explored the influence of variation in friction forces for stent-vessel, stent-clot, and clot-vessel interactions using virtual mechanical thrombectomy (VMT). We have performed three simulations for each interaction and varied friction coefficients around the standard deviation observed in the past in vitro studies. RESULTS: (i) clot-vessel friction: higher friction leads to clot fragmentation and VMT failure. (ii) stent-clot friction: it is susceptible to VMT outcomes, with lower values showing the slippage of the clot while higher values lead to fragmentation. (iii) stent-vessel friction: higher friction shows compression of the stent in curved vessels and dislodgment of clot from stent retriever (SR) due to its compression, which leads to VMT failure. (iv) retrieval speed (RS): higher RS (>30 mm/s) leads to significant stent compression and unrealistic behavior of the SR. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of results proposes the necessity for calculating accurate friction factor values and their implementation into in silico models, due to their sensitivity towards thrombectomy outcomes. Such in silico models mimic in vivo thrombectomy more closely and can be used in mechanical thrombectomy planning, management, and decision-making.
Cardiac rhabdomyomas are often the presenting sign of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Prior reports have shown that maternal sirolimus treatment can reduce rhabdomyomas. We used maternal sirolimus to reverse hydrops fetalis due to a massive cardiac rhabdomyoma in a twin gestation. This expands the possibilities of prenatal medical treatment in TSC.
The most widely used method to compare dissolution profiles is the similarity factor f method. When the regulatory requirements to apply the f method are not fulfilled, alternative methods should be used. In the current study two commonly used methods, 90% confidence intervals (CI) of different f estimators using bootstrap methodology and the Euclidean Distance of the Non-standardized Expected (EDNE) values, are compared using two different simulation approaches. For the first approach, the reference and test population profiles were simulated based on the multivariate normal distribution with different target population f values, variability, and sample sizes. For each pair of randomly simulated profiles, 90% CI of various f estimators and the EDNE values were calculated. For the second approach, the first-order release model-based simulation, one million individual dissolution profiles were simulated for the reference and test populations with different variability and predefined target population f values, random samples of different sizes were taken from those populations to obtain 90% CI of the same f estimators and the EDNE values. The whole process was repeated 10000 times for both approaches to evaluate the type I error and statistical power of the methods by calculating the percentages of replicates where the dissolution profiles are similar. When the true populations of test and reference profiles are not similar, this percentage of similarity represents the type I error; when the true populations of test and reference profiles are similar, this percentage represents the statistical power. The results shows that the EDNE method has much higher statistical power than the bootstrap f methods, but the associated type I errors are also unacceptably higher, making it unsuitable for regulatory adoption. The best method is the 90% CI of the expected f, therefore, this method is recommended. In addition, sample sizes should be increased to account for the low statistical power when using bootstrap methods.
BACKGROUND: In the past few decades, the primary management for uveal melanoma has evolved from enucleation to eye-preserving treatments. However, despite achieving a high rate of local tumour control, complications following eye-preserving treatments still occur and are partly responsible for functional loss and secondary enucleation. METHODS: A literature review by a broad international panel. RESULTS: We summarised the current literature on utilizing vitreoretinal (VR) surgery for managing the complications of uveal melanoma. We also provided insights from the authors' personal experience and practical recommendations for clinical care. CONCLUSIONS: With the advancement of VR instruments and surgical techniques and the combination of VR and ocular oncology knowledge ("Onco-VR"), it is now possible to manage or even prevent complications such as vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment, and toxic tumour syndrome.
背景：中国大多数关于痴呆症的流行病学研究都集中在老年人群体，缺乏对早发型痴呆（YOD）和晚发型痴呆（LOD）负担的系统比较。 方法：基于全球疾病负担（GBD）研究的数据，本研究系统评估了中国不同时间段内YOD和LOD负担的变化。分析采用平均年度百分比变化（AAPC）、贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列（BAPC）建模、分解分析、风险因素归因分析、健康不平等分析和前沿分析。 结果：AAPC分析表明，自2012年以来，YOD的增长率显著超过LOD。预测结果表明，YOD和LOD的年龄标准化率未来预计将继续上升。分解分析显示，1990年至2021年期间，YOD负担增加的主要驱动因素从人口增长转向了流行病学变化和人口老龄化，而人口增长仍然是LOD的主要驱动因素。风险因素分析表明，高体重指数对YOD和LOD的影响越来越显著。健康不平等和前沿分析表明，尽管不同社会人口指数（SDI）地区的YOD和LOD负担差异不显著，但中国在这两种疾病的管理方面仍有很大的改善空间。 结论：近年来，与LOD相比，YOD呈现出更快的增长速度，其驱动因素逐渐从与人口相关的因素转向流行病学转变。这凸显了加强针对中青年人群的识别和干预策略的必要性。吸烟、高空腹血糖和高体重指数是YOD和LOD共同的关键可改变风险因素，尤其需要关注高体重指数的持续影响。尽管国际上健康不平等差异不明显，但中国在YOD和LOD的预防和控制方面仍有很大的改善潜力。未来的干预措施应更具前瞻性、系统性，并针对特定人群量身定制。
本研究的主要目的是确定单侧全膝关节置换术（TKA）后6个月步态生物力学的术前预测因素。共有126名参与者（年龄64.4±7.1岁，75名女性），他们在术前、康复后10周以及单侧TKA后6个月以自我选择的速度行走时接受了仪器化生物力学评估。结果指标为膝关节伸展力矩峰值（pKEM）、膝关节角度偏移以及垂直地面反作用力（vGRF）比率（手术侧/对侧）。对潜在的临床、人口统计学和生物力学预测因素进行单变量测试，若p<0.15，则将其视为最终模型的候选因素。每个多变量模型最初包含所有候选因素，并采用向后选择法来确定最终模型。术前pKEM越高（β=0.44，p<0.0001）、股四头肌激活越好（β=0.23，p=0.004）以及男性（β=-0.21，p=0.009），预测6个月时手术侧肢体pKEM越高（r=0.31）。术前偏移越大（β=0.39，p<0.0001）、男性（β=-0.28，p=0.0007）以及术前股四头肌力量越大（β=0.16，p=0.047），预测6个月时手术侧膝关节偏移越大（r=0.34）。术前vGRF比率（β=0.37，p<0.0001）和研究治疗组（β=0.18，p=0.03）可预测6个月时的vGRF比率（r=0.16）。康复后术前生物力学变量也是6个月生物力学的最强预测因素。临床意义声明：TKA后6个月步态生物力学最强且最一致的预测因素是各自的术前步态生物力学变量，这可能对手术决策和术前/康复策略具有重要临床意义。针对vGRF的生物反馈可预测vGRF对称性，但对其他步态参数无预测作用，这表明需要进行有针对性的干预。增强股四头肌力量和激活也可能有助于改善膝关节生物力学。
The escalating global dissemination of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance poses a formidable threat to global health. Conjugation stands as a pivotal mechanism for horizontal gene transfer among bacterial populations, facilitating the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Microelectrolysis has garnered attention as an efficacious strategy for mitigating antibiotic concentrations in wastewater, yet its potential impact on ARG horizontal transfer remain largely unexplored. This comprehensive investigation unveils that microelectrolysis not only influences but significantly accelerates the conjugative transfer of ARG-harboring plasmids. Remarkably, this phenomenon is corroborated at the microbial community scale, underscoring its ecological relevance. Alarmingly, the study highlights the vulnerability of intestinal microorganisms to acquire antibiotic resistance under electrolytic stimulation, posing heightened risks to both animal and human health. Delving deeper, the study elucidates the underlying mechanisms responsible for this enhanced conjugative transfer. It reveals that microelectrolysis augments the abundance of mating-competent cells, triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species, inflicts modest membrane damage, and upregulates the expression of genes critical for conjugation. These findings collectively contribute to a more profound comprehension of the environmental dissemination dynamics and associated public health implications of ARGs in the context of wastewater treatment employing microelectrolytic technologies.
聚（3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基己酸酯）（PHBH）由包括气单胞菌属菌株在内的一些细菌产生，即使在生物降解通常较差的海洋环境中，也表现出优异的环境生物降解性。然而，这种生物降解性背后的确切机制仍有待阐明。为了评估PHBH微生物降解的机制，重点关注初始阶段，使用石英晶体微天平（QCM）、循环伏安法（CV）、阻抗和扫描电化学显微镜（SECM）分析了睾丸丛毛单胞菌对PHBH的降解。使用高度灵敏的QCM在细胞水平上定量实现了对细菌吸附随后PHBH降解的实时监测。CV和阻抗测量表明PHBH的微生物降解以非均相方式进行。SECM观察结果揭示了PHBH的非均相微生物降解，这与QCM、CV和阻抗测量高度一致。这些发现表明，该分析系统结合高灵敏度QCM分析和电化学测量，是研究可生物降解塑料微生物降解的有效工具。
Fabricating semiconductor photocatalysts with abundant oxygen vacancies and porous structures contributes to charge separation and surface photocatalytic degradation reactions. In this work, porous Cl-NbO nanostructures were synthesized via a calcination method using NbCl as the niobium and chlorine sources to achieve efficient tetracycline degradation under visible-light irradiation. Porous NbO nanostructures were formed during the calcination process accompanied by the generation of oxygen vacancies. The obtained Cl-NbO samples demonstrated significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance compared to commercial NbO. The synthesized Cl-NbO-450 sample exhibited the highest photocatalytic performance, achieving a maximal rate constant of 0.03093 min, which markedly surpassed that of commercial NbO. The remarkable enhancement in tetracycline degradation of the Cl-NbO photocatalysts was mainly attributed to the generation of oxygen vacancies and porous structures with large surface areas. Finally, the photodegradation pathways of tetracycline facilitated by the Cl-NbO photocatalysts and a plausible photocatalytic mechanism of the Cl-NbO photocatalysts were also investigated in this work.
