Fry P S
J Psychol. 1976 May;93(1st Half):43-9. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1976.9921372.
The experiment investigated the effects of success and failure experiences on Ss' subsequent ratings in a symbols task measure designed to examine perceptions of self-other orientations. Sixty male and female adolescents were assigned to success, failure, or control experiences on three achievement tasks ostensibly testing intellectual ability. Posttest minus pretest changes were assessed on variables of self-esteem, social interest, egocentricity, power, and individuation as measured in the symbols tasks, and analyses of variance results were examined for differences among Ss in the success, failure, and control conditions. As hypothesized, Ss in the success condition made significantly more positive changes in self-perceptions of esteem, social interest, and power relative to failure and control Ss. Implications of the findings were discussed for social psychologists and clinicians interested in personality assessment and social functioning.
该实验在一项旨在检验自我-他人取向认知的符号任务测量中，研究了成功和失败经历对受试者后续评分的影响。60名青少年男女被分配到表面上测试智力能力的三项成就任务的成功、失败或控制体验组。在符号任务中测量的自尊、社会兴趣、自我中心、权力和个性化等变量上评估后测减去前测的变化，并对成功、失败和控制条件下的受试者之间的差异进行方差分析结果检验。正如所假设的，相对于失败和控制组的受试者，成功条件下的受试者在自尊、社会兴趣和权力的自我认知方面有显著更多的积极变化。针对对人格评估和社会功能感兴趣的社会心理学家和临床医生，讨论了研究结果的意义。
