Macrae C N, Bodenhausen G V, Schloerscheidt A M, Milne A B
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, England, United Kingdom.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1999 Feb;76(2):200-13. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.76.2.200.
The present research investigated the role of executive functioning in person perception. Given the assumption that perceivers' recollective preference for unexpected material relies on the operation of an executive cognitive process (i.e., inconsistency resolution), it was anticipated that only under dual-task conditions in which executive functioning is impaired would one expect inconsistency resolution to be impaired and perceivers' memory bias for unexpected material to be eliminated. When concurrent mental activity impairs the operation of nonexecutive cognitive operations, inconsistency resolution and the related process of individuation were not expected to be impaired. The results of 2 experiments using different memory measures (e.g., free recall and source identification) supported these predictions. The findings are considered in the context of contemporary issues in person perception and executive functioning.
本研究调查了执行功能在人物感知中的作用。鉴于假设感知者对意外材料的回忆偏好依赖于执行认知过程（即不一致解决）的运作，预计只有在执行功能受损的双重任务条件下，才会预期不一致解决受损，且感知者对意外材料的记忆偏差会消除。当并发的心理活动损害非执行认知操作的运作时，预计不一致解决和相关的个体化过程不会受损。使用不同记忆测量方法（如自由回忆和来源识别）的两个实验结果支持了这些预测。研究结果将在人物感知和执行功能的当代问题背景下进行讨论。
