Schubert Lisa, Körner Anita, Lindau Berit, Strack Fritz, Topolinski Sascha
Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2017 Oct 9;8:1723. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01723. eCollection 2017.
Do people evaluate an open-minded midwife less positively than a caring midwife? Both and are generally seen as positive attributes. However, consistency varies-the attribute is consistent with the midwife stereotype while is not. In general, both stimulus valence and consistency can influence evaluations. Six experiments investigated the respective influence of valence and consistency on evaluative judgments in the domain of stereotyping. In an impression formation paradigm, valence and consistency of stereotypic information about target persons were manipulated orthogonally and spontaneous evaluations of these target persons were measured. Valence reliably influenced evaluations. However, for strongly valenced stereotypes, no effect of consistency was observed. Parameters possibly preventing the occurrence of consistency effects were ruled out, specifically, valence of inconsistent attributes, processing priority of category information, and impression formation instructions. However, consistency had subtle effects on evaluative judgments if the information about a target person was not strongly valenced and experimental conditions were optimal. Concluding, in principle, both stereotype valence and consistency can play a role in evaluative judgments of stereotypic target persons. However, the more subtle influence of consistency does not seem to substantially influence evaluations of stereotyped target persons. Implications for fluency research and stereotype disconfirmation are discussed.
人们对思想开放的助产士的评价是否低于对有爱心的助产士的评价？两者通常都被视为积极的特质。然而，一致性存在差异——特质 与助产士的刻板印象一致，而特质 则不一致。一般来说，刺激效价和一致性都会影响评价。六项实验研究了效价和一致性在刻板印象领域对评价判断的各自影响。在印象形成范式中，对目标人物的刻板信息的效价和一致性进行正交操纵，并测量对这些目标人物的自发评价。效价可靠地影响评价。然而，对于效价强烈的刻板印象，未观察到一致性的影响。排除了可能阻止一致性效应出现的参数，具体来说，不一致属性的效价、类别信息的处理优先级和印象形成指令。然而，如果关于目标人物的信息效价不强且实验条件最佳，一致性会对评价判断产生微妙的影响。总之，原则上，刻板印象的效价和一致性都可以在对刻板印象目标人物的评价判断中发挥作用。然而，一致性更微妙的影响似乎并没有对刻板印象目标人物的评价产生实质性影响。讨论了对流畅性研究和刻板印象证伪的启示。
