van Stuijvenberg M E, Kvalsvig J D, Faber M, Kruger M, Kenoyer D G, Benadé A J
National Research Programme for Nutritional Intervention, Medical Research Council, Parow, South Africa.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Mar;69(3):497-503. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/69.3.497.
Deficiencies of iron, iodine, and vitamin A are prevalent worldwide and can affect the mental development and learning ability of schoolchildren.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of micronutrient-fortified biscuits on the micronutrient status of primary school children.
Micronutrient status was assessed in 115 children aged 6-11 y before and after consumption of biscuits (fortified with iron, iodine, and beta-carotene) for 43 wk over a 12-mo period and was compared with that in a control group (n = 113) who consumed nonfortified biscuits. Cognitive function, growth, and morbidity were assessed as secondary outcomes.
There was a significant between-group treatment effect on serum retinol, serum ferritin, serum iron, transferrin saturation, and urinary iodine (P <0.0001) and in hemoglobin and hematocrit (P <0.05). The prevalence of low serum retinol concentrations (<0.70 micromol/L) decreased from 39.1% to 12.2%, of low serum ferritin concentrations (<20 microg/L) from 27.8% to 13.9%, of anemia (hemoglobin <120 g/L) from 29.6% to 15.6%, and of low urinary iodine concentrations (<100 microg/L) from 97.5% to 5.4%. There was a significant between-group treatment effect (P <0.05) in cognitive function with the digit span forward task (short-term memory). Fewer school days were missed in the intervention than in the control group because of respiratory- (P = 0.097) and diarrhea-related (P = 0.013) illnesses. The intervention had no effect on anthropometric status [corrected].
Fortified biscuits resulted in a significant improvement in the micronutrient status of primary school children from a poor rural community and also appeared to have a favorable effect on morbidity and cognitive function [corrected].
铁、碘和维生素A缺乏在全球普遍存在，会影响学龄儿童的智力发育和学习能力。
本研究旨在确定微量营养素强化饼干对小学生微量营养素状况的影响。
在12个月的时间里，对115名6至11岁儿童在食用（铁、碘和β-胡萝卜素强化）饼干43周前后的微量营养素状况进行评估，并与食用未强化饼干的对照组（n = 113）进行比较。认知功能、生长和发病率作为次要结果进行评估。
两组间在血清视黄醇、血清铁蛋白、血清铁、转铁蛋白饱和度和尿碘方面存在显著的治疗效果（P <0.0001），在血红蛋白和血细胞比容方面也存在显著差异（P <0.05）。血清视黄醇浓度低（<0.70微摩尔/升）的患病率从39.1%降至12.2%，血清铁蛋白浓度低（<20微克/升）的患病率从27.8%降至13.9%，贫血（血红蛋白<120克/升）的患病率从29.6%降至15.6%，尿碘浓度低（<100微克/升）的患病率从97.5%降至5.4%。在认知功能的顺背数字广度任务（短期记忆）方面，两组间存在显著的治疗效果（P <0.05）。与对照组相比，干预组因呼吸道疾病（P = 0.097）和腹泻相关疾病（P = 0.013）而缺课的天数更少。干预对人体测量状况[校正后]无影响。
强化饼干使来自贫困农村社区的小学生微量营养素状况得到显著改善，并且似乎对发病率和认知功能也有积极影响[校正后]。
