Brunette D M, Chehroudi B
Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
J Biomech Eng. 1999 Feb;121(1):49-57. doi: 10.1115/1.2798042.
Surface properties, including topography and chemistry, are of prime importance in establishing the response of tissues to biomaterials. Microfabrication techniques have enabled the production of precisely controlled surface topographies that have been used as substrata for cells in culture and on devices implanted in vivo. This article reviews aspects of cell behavior involved in tissue response to implants with an emphasis on the effects of topography. Microfabricated grooved surfaces produce orientation and directed locomotion of epithelial cells in vitro and can inhibit epithelial downgrowth on implants. The effects depend on the groove dimensions and they are modified by epithelial cell-cell interactions. Fibroblasts similarly exhibit contact guidance on grooved surfaces, but fibroblast shape in vitro differs markedly from that found in vivo. Surface topography is important in establishing tissue organization adjacent to implants, with smooth surfaces generally being associated with fibrous tissue encapsulation. Grooved topographies appear to have promise in reducing encapsulation in the short term, but additional studies employing three-dimensional reconstruction and diverse topographies are needed to understand better the process of connective-tissue organization adjacent to implants. Microfabricated surfaces can increase the frequency of mineralized bone-like tissue nodules adjacent to subcutaneously implanted surfaces in rats. Orientation of these nodules with grooves occurs both in culture and on implants. Detailed comparisons of cell behavior on micromachined substrata in vitro and in vivo are difficult because of the number and complexity of factors, such as population density and micromotion, that can differ between these conditions.
包括形貌和化学性质在内的表面特性，对于确定组织对生物材料的反应至关重要。微加工技术能够制造出精确控制的表面形貌，这些形貌已被用作培养细胞以及体内植入装置上细胞的基质。本文综述了组织对植入物反应中涉及的细胞行为方面，重点是形貌的影响。微加工的带槽表面在体外可使上皮细胞定向并引导其定向运动，并且能够抑制植入物上的上皮细胞向下生长。这些影响取决于凹槽尺寸，并且会因上皮细胞间的相互作用而改变。成纤维细胞在带槽表面同样表现出接触导向，但体外成纤维细胞的形状与体内发现的明显不同。表面形貌对于在植入物附近建立组织结构很重要，光滑表面通常与纤维组织包封相关。带槽形貌在短期内似乎有望减少包封，但需要采用三维重建和多种形貌的更多研究，以更好地了解植入物附近结缔组织形成的过程。微加工表面可增加大鼠皮下植入表面附近矿化骨样组织结节的频率。这些结节在培养物中和植入物上均会沿凹槽方向排列。由于体外和体内微加工基质上细胞行为的影响因素（如细胞密度和微运动）的数量和复杂性存在差异，因此很难进行详细比较。
