Diehl J M
Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1999 Feb 6;129(5):162-75.
Based on the data of 966 students grade five to eight, a new questionnaire--the "Eating Behaviour and Weight Problems Inventory for Children (EWI-C)"--was developed. Its 60 items are assigned to 10 subscales measuring: (1) hunger level and susceptibility to food cues, (2) importance and impact of eating on sense of well-being, (3) eating as a means of coping with emotional stress, (4) concerns about eating and weight, (5) dietary restraint, (6) attitude toward healthful nutrition, (7) attitude toward the obese, (8) pressures to eat from parents, (9) fear of weight gain, (10) figure dissatisfaction. Neither children's age nor father's educational level were related to their subscale scores to a significant degree. However, on all scales (except scale 3) important gender differences could be observed. From the youngest age groups on, mean values of girls clearly exceeded those of boys on scales 4, 5, 9 and 10, while on scales 1, 2, 7 and 8 mean scores of girls were significantly lower. To analyse relationships between EWI scores and children's relative weight, 620 students' data were combined with those of 445 adolescents attending weight-reduction programs in two obesity clinics. Boys' and girls' individual deviations from mean weight per height were used to form six groups ranging from underweight to severe obesity. In both sexes mean scores on scales 3-5, 9 and 10 significantly increased with increasing (over) weight, while a (partial) decrease could be observed on scales 2 and 8. Scores of subscales 1 and 7 proved to be independent of children's relative weight. Based on the data of the combined sample (n = 1065), norm tables with percentile ranks are provided which allow for children's sex and weight. By means of these tables the position of a boy's or girl's subscale score can be evaluated in relation to his/her weight category (underweight, normal weight, obesity, severe obesity). A child's responses on the EWI-C can be analysed by a DOS-program which is available on diskette.
基于966名五至八年级学生的数据，开发了一份新的问卷——“儿童饮食行为与体重问题量表（EWI-C）”。其60个项目被分配到10个分量表中，用于测量：（1）饥饿程度和对食物线索的易感性，（2）饮食对幸福感的重要性和影响，（3）将饮食作为应对情绪压力的一种方式，（4）对饮食和体重的担忧，（5）饮食限制，（6）对健康营养的态度，（7）对肥胖者的态度，（8）来自父母的进食压力，（9）对体重增加的恐惧，（10）对身材的不满。儿童的年龄和父亲的教育水平在很大程度上均与他们的分量表得分无关。然而，在所有量表上（除了量表3），均能观察到显著的性别差异。从最年幼的年龄组开始，在量表4、5、9和10上，女孩的平均值明显超过男孩，而在量表1、2、7和8上，女孩的平均得分显著更低。为了分析EWI得分与儿童相对体重之间的关系，将620名学生的数据与在两家肥胖诊所参加减肥项目的445名青少年的数据相结合。使用男孩和女孩相对于平均身高体重的个体偏差，将他们分为从体重过轻到严重肥胖的六组。在男女两性中，量表3至5、9和10上的平均得分均随着体重增加（超重）而显著上升，而在量表2和8上则可观察到（部分）下降。分量表1和7的得分被证明与儿童的相对体重无关。基于合并样本（n = 1065）的数据，提供了带有百分等级的常模表，该表考虑了儿童的性别和体重。借助这些表格，可以根据男孩或女孩的体重类别（体重过轻、正常体重、肥胖、严重肥胖）来评估其分量表得分的位置。儿童在EWI-C上的回答可以通过一个磁盘上提供的DOS程序进行分析。
