Ferguson T J, Stegge H, Miller E R, Olsen M E
Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan 84322-2810, USA.
Dev Psychol. 1999 Mar;35(2):347-57. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.35.2.347.
The authors asked whether evidence could be found for adaptive or maladaptive aspects of guilt and shame in 5-12-year-old children (44 boys, 42 girls). Children completed semiprojective and scenario-based measures thought to assess shame, guilt, or both. Their parents (N = 83) completed the Child Behavior Checklist to assess child symptoms. Shame and projective guilt were related to symptoms; they also were associated with self-blame and attempts to minimize painful feelings. Scenario-based guilt was related to fewer symptoms in boys but to greater symptoms in girls. This measure of guilt reflected concerns with adhering to standards, expressing empathy, and taking appropriate responsibility. Discussion focuses on possible origins of differential symptom-emotion links in boys and girls as well as measurement implications.
作者们探讨了能否找到5至12岁儿童（44名男孩，42名女孩）内疚和羞耻感的适应性或适应不良方面的证据。孩子们完成了被认为可评估羞耻感、内疚感或两者的半投射性和基于情景的测评。他们的父母（N = 83）完成了儿童行为量表以评估孩子的症状。羞耻感和投射性内疚与症状有关；它们还与自责以及尽量减少痛苦感受的尝试有关。基于情景的内疚感在男孩中与较少的症状相关，但在女孩中与较多的症状相关。这种内疚感测评反映了对遵守标准、表达同理心和承担适当责任的关注。讨论集中在男孩和女孩中症状与情绪差异联系的可能根源以及测评的意义。
