Overgaard C, Knudsen A
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
Biol Neonate. 1999 May;75(5):279-84. doi: 10.1159/000014105.
We assessed the effect of sucrose as a pain reliever in a population of newborns when cuddled and comforted during heel prick for diagnosis of phenylketonuria. In addition, the influences of gender, gestational age, postnatal age, ponderal index and behavioural state of the infant before the heel prick were studied, as judged by the neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS) score, on crying time (CT) and subsequent NIPS score. 100 healthy full-term infants were enrolled in this double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Before the heel prick, the newborns, when cuddled by the parent(s), were either given 2 ml 50% sucrose solution or 2 ml sterile water. The sessions were videotaped and analyzed for determination of CT and NIPS scores. The frequency distribution of CT showed a bimodal pattern in both the sucrose and the placebo groups. Sucrose significantly reduced CT and NIPS scores after the heel prick. No influence of gender, gestational age, postnatal age or ponderal index on CT was found. NIPS scores before the heel prick correlated significantly and positively with CT and subsequent NIPS scores in both the sucrose and the placebo groups. Intra-orally administered sucrose given before heel prick can be recommended as a useful pain reliever. Furthermore, the findings indicate that factors calming the newborn and creating low NIPS scores before the procedure can reduce the pain reaction equivalently and additively to sucrose administration.
我们评估了在足跟采血以诊断苯丙酮尿症期间，当新生儿被拥抱和安抚时，蔗糖作为一种止痛剂的效果。此外，还研究了足跟采血前婴儿的性别、胎龄、出生后年龄、体重指数和行为状态（通过新生儿疼痛量表（NIPS）评分判断）对哭闹时间（CT）和随后NIPS评分的影响。100名健康足月儿参与了这项双盲随机对照试验。在足跟采血前，当新生儿被父母拥抱时，要么给予2毫升50%蔗糖溶液，要么给予2毫升无菌水。对采血过程进行录像并分析，以确定CT和NIPS评分。CT的频率分布在蔗糖组和安慰剂组中均呈双峰模式。足跟采血后，蔗糖显著降低了CT和NIPS评分。未发现性别、胎龄、出生后年龄或体重指数对CT有影响。在蔗糖组和安慰剂组中，足跟采血前的NIPS评分与CT及随后的NIPS评分均呈显著正相关。足跟采血前口服蔗糖可作为一种有效的止痛剂推荐使用。此外，研究结果表明，在操作前使新生儿平静并产生低NIPS评分的因素，可与蔗糖给药等效且相加地减轻疼痛反应。
