Kelter S, Cohen R, Engel D, List G, Strohner H
Cortex. 1976 Dec;12(4):383-94. doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(76)80042-1.
Aphasic, non-aphasic brain-damaged, schizophrenic and normal Ss were required to select which of two pictures in each item was indicated by a third picture. The latter was related to the referent not through direct associations but only through a mediator: a homonym -- the name for clue and referent --, a situational association, or a perceptual feature common to both. The availability of these mediators was to be tested. Aphasics were as good as normals when the task could be solved via situational associations (e.g. guitar/violin -- bullfight; mediator: "Spain"). They showed poorer performance than all the control-groups not only when the solution depended on the availability of a word but also when it was necessary to identify analytically a perceptual feature characteristic for clue and referent (e.g. swan/turkey -- snowman; mediator: "white"). This result is seen as possibly corresponding to the specific deficiency of both non-fluent and fluent aphasics in the Token Test which might be characteristic of left hemisphere dysfunctions in the analytical decomposition into separate features of what presents itself perceptually and experientally as a unit or Gestalt.
要求失语症患者、非失语症脑损伤患者、精神分裂症患者和正常受试者从每个项目中的两张图片中选择第三张图片所指示的那张。后者与所指对象的关联不是通过直接联想，而是仅通过一个中介物：同音异义词——线索和所指对象的名称——、情境联想或两者共有的感知特征。要测试这些中介物的可用性。当任务可以通过情境联想解决时（例如，吉他/小提琴——斗牛；中介物：“西班牙”），失语症患者的表现与正常人一样好。当解决方案取决于一个单词的可用性时，以及当有必要通过分析识别线索和所指对象特有的感知特征时（例如，天鹅/火鸡——雪人；中介物：“白色”），他们的表现比所有对照组都差。这一结果被视为可能与非流畅型和流畅型失语症患者在标记测试中的特定缺陷相对应，这可能是左半球功能障碍的特征，即将感知和体验中呈现为一个整体或格式塔的事物解析为单独特征的能力存在缺陷。
