Hamel G
London Business School, UK.
Harv Bus Rev. 1996 Jul-Aug;74(4):69-82.
How often does the strategic-planning process start with senior executives asking what the rest of the organization can teach them about the future? Not often enough, argues Gary Hamel. In many companies, strategy making is an elitist procedure and ¿strategy¿ consists of nothing more than following the industry's rules. But more and more companies, intent on overturning the industrial order, are rewriting those rules. What can industry incumbents do? Either surrender the future to revolutionary challengers or revolutionize the way their companies create strategy. What is needed is not a tweak to the traditional strategic-planning process, Hamel says, but a new philosophical foundation: strategy is revolution. Hamel offers ten principles to help a company think about the challenge of creating truly revolutionary strategies. Perhaps the most fundamental principle is that so-called strategic planning doesn't produce true strategic innovation. The traditional planning process is little more than a rote procedure in which deeply held assumptions and industry conventions are reinforced rather than challenged. Such a process harnesses only a tiny proportion of an organization's creative potential. If there is to be any hope of industry revolution, senior managers must give up their monopoly on the creation of strategy. They must embrace a truly democratic process that can give voice to the revolutionaries that exist in every company. If senior managers are unwilling to do this, employees must become strategy activists. The opportunities for industry revolution are mostly unexplored. One thing is certain: if you don't let the revolutionaries challenge you from within, they will eventually challenge you from without--in the marketplace.
战略规划流程有多少次是从高管询问组织中的其他人员能让他们对未来有何了解开始的呢?加里·哈默尔认为,这种情况并不够常见。在许多公司,战略制定是一种精英主义程序,而“战略”只不过是遵循行业规则而已。但越来越多意图颠覆行业秩序的公司正在改写这些规则。行业内的现有企业该怎么做呢?要么把未来拱手让给具有革命性的挑战者,要么彻底改变其公司制定战略的方式。哈默尔说,需要的不是对传统战略规划流程进行微调,而是一种新的哲学基础:战略即革命。哈默尔提出了十条原则,以帮助公司思考打造真正具有革命性战略所面临的挑战。或许最基本的原则是,所谓的战略规划并不能产生真正的战略创新。传统的规划流程只不过是一种机械程序,在这个过程中,根深蒂固的假设和行业惯例得到强化而非受到挑战。这样一个流程只利用了组织创造性潜力的极小一部分。如果要有行业革命的任何希望,高级管理人员必须放弃他们对战略制定的垄断。他们必须接受一个真正民主的流程,这个流程能够让存在于每家公司的革新者表达意见。如果高级管理人员不愿意这样做,员工就必须成为战略积极分子。行业革命的机会大多还未被探索。有一点是肯定的:如果你不让革新者在内部挑战你,他们最终会在外部——在市场上挑战你。