Gribbin K, Schaie K W
Exp Aging Res. 1976 Sep;2(5):461-8. doi: 10.1080/03610737608258003.
Results from studies of cohort differences suggest that older and younger volunteers may differ in aspects other than age. In this study subjects, who had or had not been promised $10.00 payment for their participation, were compared on certain personality and intelligence factors. No differences between incentive conditions were observed for 2466 potential subjects on willingness to participate, nor for 591 subjects eventually tested on their scores on the Primary Mental Abilities Test, the Test of Behavioral Rigidity and Cattell's 16 PF. However, differences by incentive condition were observed on the intercorrelation matrices for women on Form B of the 16 PF. Results of these analyses suggest that, with few exceptions, supplying a monetary incentive to induce subjects to participate in a study does not significantly alter the characteristics of a volunteer sample with regard to age or sex.
队列差异研究结果表明，老年和年轻志愿者可能在年龄以外的其他方面存在差异。在本研究中，比较了承诺给予10美元参与报酬和未承诺的受试者在某些人格和智力因素方面的情况。对于2466名潜在受试者，在参与意愿方面未观察到激励条件之间的差异；对于最终接受初级心理能力测试、行为僵化测试和卡特尔16种人格因素问卷测试的591名受试者，也未观察到差异。然而，在16种人格因素问卷B表上，女性的相互关系矩阵中观察到了激励条件导致的差异。这些分析结果表明，除少数例外情况，提供金钱激励以促使受试者参与研究，在年龄或性别方面不会显著改变志愿者样本的特征。
