Glynn T J, Manley M W, Gerlach K K, Shopland D R
J Public Health Manag Pract. 1996 Spring;2(2):17-26.
Tobacco has a long history of use in the U.S., and its serious health effects have been well-documented during the past half century, U.S. efforts to control tobacco use and tobacco-related morbidity and mortality have been reasonably successful over the past 25 years, during which time there has been a 34 percent reduction in adult smoking. Nevertheless, tobacco use remains a significant public health problem in the U.S., with more than 430,000 tobacco-related deaths per year and over one-fourth of the population continuing to smoke. Many organizations are involved in tobacco use control activities, the most broadly focused of which is the National Cancer Institute (NCI). As an example of the type of program needed to address the problem of tobacco use on a national scale, the NCI's public health research plan and activities are described and its emphasis on a data-based decision matrix in its approach to tobacco and cancer control research and applications of research is discussed. Finally, future approaches to tobacco use control in the U.S. are suggested.
烟草在美国有着悠久的使用历史，在过去半个世纪里，其对健康的严重影响已有充分记录。在过去25年里，美国控制烟草使用以及与烟草相关的发病率和死亡率的努力取得了一定成效，在此期间，成年人吸烟率下降了34%。然而，在美国，烟草使用仍是一个重大的公共卫生问题，每年有超过43万例与烟草相关的死亡，超过四分之一的人口仍在吸烟。许多组织参与了烟草使用控制活动，其中最具广泛影响力的是美国国家癌症研究所（NCI）。作为在全国范围内解决烟草使用问题所需项目类型的一个例子，本文描述了NCI的公共卫生研究计划和活动，并讨论了其在烟草与癌症控制研究及研究应用中对基于数据的决策矩阵的重视。最后，本文提出了美国未来控制烟草使用的方法。
