生物学与精神分析的未来：重新审视精神病学的一个新的知识框架。
Biology and the future of psychoanalysis: a new intellectual framework for psychiatry revisited.
作者信息
Kandel E R
机构信息
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
出版信息
Am J Psychiatry. 1999 Apr;156(4):505-24. doi: 10.1176/ajp.156.4.505.
The American Journal of Psychiatry has received a number of letters in response to my earlier "Framework" article (1). Some of these are reprinted elsewhere in this issue, and I have answered them briefly there. However, one issue raised by some letters deserves a more detailed answer, and that relates to whether biology is at all relevant to psychoanalysis. To my mind, this issue is so central to the future of psychoanalysis that it cannot be addressed with a brief comment. I therefore have written this article in an attempt to outline the importance of biology for the future of psychoanalysis.
《美国精神病学杂志》收到了许多针对我之前“框架”文章（1）的来信。其中一些在本期其他地方转载，我已在那里简要回复了。然而，一些信件提出的一个问题值得更详细的回答，即生物学与精神分析是否相关。在我看来，这个问题对于精神分析的未来至关重要，无法通过简短评论来解决。因此，我撰写了本文，试图概述生物学对精神分析未来的重要性。
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