Orentas D M, Miller R H
Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Mol Neurobiol. 1998 Dec;18(3):247-59. doi: 10.1007/BF02741302.
Oligodendrocytes are the cells responsible for the formation of myelin in the central nervous system. Recent studies demonstrated that cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage initially arise in distinct regions of the ventricular zone during early development. These cells or their progeny migrate to developing white matter tracts where they undergo the majority of their proliferation and subsequently differentiate into myelinating cells. Oligodendrocyte-precursor cell proliferation is regulated by a number of distinct growth factors that act at distinct stages in the lineage and the final number of oligodendrocytes in any region of the CNS is regulated by local influences. A density-dependent feedback inhibition of proliferation reduces the responsiveness of the cells to their growth factors and the final matching of oligodendrocyte and axon number is accomplished through the local regulation of cell death. In this review, we discuss the major factors that regulate three distinct stages in the development of the oligodendrocyte lineage: The initial induction of oligodendrocyte progenitors, the regulation of expansion and dispersion of the committed precursor cell population, and the final regulation of oligodendrocyte precursor number through the local inhibition of oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation and cell death.
少突胶质细胞是负责在中枢神经系统中形成髓鞘的细胞。最近的研究表明，少突胶质细胞谱系的细胞在早期发育过程中最初起源于脑室区的不同区域。这些细胞或其后代迁移到正在发育的白质束，在那里它们进行大部分增殖，随后分化为髓鞘形成细胞。少突胶质前体细胞的增殖受多种不同生长因子的调节，这些生长因子在谱系的不同阶段起作用，并且中枢神经系统任何区域中少突胶质细胞的最终数量受局部影响的调节。增殖的密度依赖性反馈抑制降低了细胞对其生长因子的反应性，并且少突胶质细胞与轴突数量的最终匹配是通过细胞死亡的局部调节来实现的。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了调节少突胶质细胞谱系发育中三个不同阶段的主要因素：少突胶质前体细胞的初始诱导、定向前体细胞群体的扩增和分散的调节，以及通过局部抑制少突胶质前体细胞增殖和细胞死亡对少突胶质前体细胞数量的最终调节。
