Schafer D F, Sorrell M F
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 66198-2009, USA.
Lancet. 1999 Apr 10;353(9160):1253-7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)09148-X.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for most patients is a terminal complication of chronic inflammatory and fibrotic liver disease. With regrettably few exceptions, treatment is largely palliative, and long-term survival is rare. However, the major causes of HCC worldwide are known and preventable. Hepatitis B and C exist only in man; the viruses have no known non-human reservoirs. Transmission of the viruses can be interrupted by vaccination against hepatitis B virus infection and improvements in medical techniques for hepatitis C, for which no vaccine has yet been developed.
对大多数患者而言，肝细胞癌（HCC）是慢性炎症性和纤维化肝病的终末期并发症。遗憾的是，除了极少数例外情况，治疗大多只能缓解症状，长期存活的情况很少见。然而，全球范围内HCC的主要病因是已知的且可预防。乙型和丙型肝炎仅存在于人类中；这些病毒尚无已知的非人类宿主。通过接种乙肝疫苗以及改进丙型肝炎的医疗技术（目前尚无针对丙型肝炎的疫苗），可以阻断病毒传播。
