Warburton D E, Haykowsky M J, Quinney H A, Humen D P, Teo K K
Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Sports Med. 1999 Apr;27(4):241-60. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199927040-00004.
For exercise physiologists and sport cardiologists, one of the greatest challenges is to develop a valid, reliable, noninvasive and affordable measure of cardiac output (Q). There are several techniques available to measure Q during exercise conditions. These procedures generally provide accurate and reliable determinations of Q during submaximal exercise, but may be limited during maximal exercise conditions. The most commonly used noninvasive measures are the acetylene (C2H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) rebreathe methods as reviewed in part I of this article. Only the foreign gas rebreathe method, using C2H2, meets all of the criteria of being noninvasive, easy to use, reliable and valid for use during maximal exercise. New methodologies have recently been developed to measure Q during exercise conditions. Although not as popular as the C2H2 and CO2 rebreathe methods, these methods have increasingly gained favour in exercise physiology and sport cardiology settings. The majority of these measures (if performed meticulously), with the exception of impedance cardiography, provide reasonably accurate and reliable determinations of Q. However, the cost of usage and technological limitations during maximal exercise have prevented these techniques from replacing the conventional measures of Q during exercise conditions. Doppler echocardiography and the modified C2H2 methods hold promise for the assessment of Q during maximal exercise. With further advances in these technologies their use in exercise physiology and sport cardiology setting may become more common.
对于运动生理学家和运动心脏病专家来说，最大的挑战之一是开发一种有效、可靠、无创且经济实惠的心输出量（Q）测量方法。在运动条件下有几种测量Q的技术。这些方法通常能在次最大运动期间准确可靠地测定Q，但在最大运动条件下可能会受到限制。本文第一部分回顾了最常用的无创测量方法是乙炔（C2H2）和二氧化碳（CO2）再呼吸法。只有使用C2H2的外源性气体再呼吸法符合在最大运动期间无创、易用、可靠且有效的所有标准。最近已经开发出了在运动条件下测量Q的新方法。尽管这些方法不如C2H2和CO2再呼吸法受欢迎，但它们在运动生理学和运动心脏病学领域越来越受到青睐。除了阻抗心动图外，这些测量方法中的大多数（如果精心操作）都能提供相当准确可靠的Q测定值。然而，使用成本和最大运动期间的技术限制使得这些技术无法在运动条件下取代传统的Q测量方法。多普勒超声心动图和改良的C2H2方法有望用于最大运动期间的Q评估。随着这些技术的进一步发展，它们在运动生理学和运动心脏病学领域的应用可能会更加普遍。
