Hove H, Nørgaard H, Mortensen P B
Medical Department CA, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999 May;53(5):339-50. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600773.
This review summarises the effects of lactic acid bacteria on lactose malabsorption, bacterial/viral or antibiotic associated diarrhoea, and describes the impact of lactic acid bacteria on cancer and the fermentative products in the colon.
Eight studies (including 78 patients) demonstrated that lactase deficient subjects absorbed lactose in yogurt better than lactose in milk, while two studies (25 patients) did not support this. Two studies (22 patients) showed that unfermented acidophilus milk was absorbed better than milk, while six studies (68 patients) found no significant differences. Addition of lactose hydrolysing enzyme, lactase, to milk improved lactose malabsorption in seven studies (131 lactose malabsorbers), while one study (10 malabsorbers) demonstrated no improvement. Lactic acid bacteria alleviated travellers' diarrhoea in one study (94 individuals) while a study including 756 individuals was borderline statistically significant. One study (50 individuals) did not find an effect of lactic acid bacteria on travellers' diarrhoea. Six studies (404 infants) demonstrated a significant effect of lactic acid bacteria on infant diarrhoea, while one study (40 infants) did not. Lactic acid bacteria moderated antibiotic associated diarrhoea in three studies (66 individuals), while two studies (117 individuals) were insignificant.
Lactase deficient subjects benefit from a better lactose absorption after ingestion of yoghurt compared with milk and from milk added lactase, whereas ingestion of unfermented acidophilus milk does not seem to improve lactose absorption. The majority of studies support that lactic acid bacteria alleviate bacterial/viral induced diarrhoea, especially in infants, while the effect on antibiotic associated diarrhoea is less clear. Experimental studies indicate an effect of lactic bacteria on human cell cancer lines, but clinical evidence is lacking. A 'stabilising' effect of lactic acid bacteria on the colonic flora has not been documented.
本综述总结了乳酸菌对乳糖吸收不良、细菌/病毒或抗生素相关性腹泻的影响，并描述了乳酸菌对癌症及结肠发酵产物的影响。
八项研究（包括78名患者）表明，乳糖酶缺乏的受试者在食用酸奶时对乳糖的吸收优于牛奶中的乳糖，而两项研究（25名患者）并不支持这一观点。两项研究（22名患者）表明，未发酵的嗜酸乳杆菌奶比牛奶吸收更好，而六项研究（68名患者）未发现显著差异。在七项研究（131名乳糖吸收不良者）中，向牛奶中添加乳糖水解酶乳糖酶可改善乳糖吸收不良，而一项研究（10名吸收不良者）未显示出改善效果。一项研究（94名个体）表明乳酸菌可缓解旅行者腹泻，而一项纳入756名个体的研究在统计学上接近显著。一项研究（50名个体）未发现乳酸菌对旅行者腹泻有影响。六项研究（404名婴儿）表明乳酸菌对婴儿腹泻有显著影响，而一项研究（40名婴儿）则未发现。三项研究（66名个体）表明乳酸菌可缓解抗生素相关性腹泻，而两项研究（117名个体）则无显著意义。
与牛奶相比，乳糖酶缺乏的受试者在摄入酸奶后能更好地吸收乳糖，且添加乳糖酶的牛奶也有此效果，而摄入未发酵的嗜酸乳杆菌奶似乎并不能改善乳糖吸收。大多数研究支持乳酸菌可缓解细菌/病毒引起的腹泻，尤其是在婴儿中，而对抗生素相关性腹泻的影响尚不清楚。实验研究表明乳酸菌对人类细胞癌细胞系有影响，但缺乏临床证据。乳酸菌对结肠菌群的“稳定”作用尚未得到证实。
