Wulf G, Lauterbach B, Toole T
Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research, Munich.
Res Q Exerc Sport. 1999 Jun;70(2):120-6. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1999.10608029.
This study examined whether the learning advantages of an external focus of attention relative to an internal focus, as demonstrated by Wulf, Höss, and Prinz (1998), would also be found for a sport skill under field-like conditions. Participants (9 women, 13 men; age range: 21-29 years) without experience in golf were required to practice pitch shots. The practice phase consisted of 80 practice trials. One group was instructed to focus on the arm swing (internal focus), whereas another group was instructed to focus on the club swing (external focus). One day after practice, a retention test of 30 trials without instructions was performed. The external-focus condition was more effective for performance during both practice and retention.
本研究考察了如伍尔夫、赫斯和普林茨（1998年）所证明的，相对于内部注意力焦点而言，外部注意力焦点的学习优势在类似场地条件下的一项运动技能中是否也能被发现。要求没有高尔夫经验的参与者（9名女性，13名男性；年龄范围：21 - 29岁）练习击球。练习阶段包括80次练习击球。一组被指示专注于手臂摆动（内部注意力焦点），而另一组被指示专注于球杆摆动（外部注意力焦点）。练习一天后，进行了一次30次击球的无指导保留测试。在练习和保留测试期间，外部注意力焦点条件对表现更有效。
