Hodges E V, Finnegan R A, Perry D G
Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton 33431, USA.
Dev Psychol. 1999 May;35(3):737-48. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.35.3.737.
Healthy adaptation within all close relationships--whether with parents, friends, or romantic partners--involves striking a balance between connectedness to and independence from the relationship partner. For some individuals, adaptation within one or more relationships is skewed, or characterized by either an excessive concern for closeness that impedes autonomy (preoccupied stance) or an excessive concern for autonomy that inhibits closeness (avoidant stance). In this study with boys and girls aged 9-14 years, children who reported a preoccupied or avoidant stance toward their mother displayed increased social impairment in the peer group over time. There were predictable associations among children's stances toward mother, father, and best friend. Children resembled their best friend in relationship stance. The study illustrates the advantages of applying common relationship constructs (e.g., autonomy-relatedness) to the study of diverse close relationships.
在所有亲密关系中——无论是与父母、朋友还是恋爱伴侣——健康的适应都涉及在与关系伙伴的联系和独立之间取得平衡。对于一些人来说，在一种或多种关系中的适应是失衡的，其特点要么是过度关注亲密关系而阻碍了自主性（过度投入型姿态），要么是过度关注自主性而抑制了亲密关系（回避型姿态）。在这项针对9至14岁男孩和女孩的研究中，那些报告对母亲有过度投入型或回避型姿态的孩子，随着时间的推移，在同伴群体中表现出越来越多的社交障碍。孩子们对母亲、父亲和最好朋友的姿态之间存在可预测的关联。孩子们在关系姿态上与他们最好的朋友相似。该研究说明了将共同的关系结构（如自主性与关联性）应用于研究不同亲密关系的优势。
