Simons R
Harvard Business School, Boston, MA, USA.
Harv Bus Rev. 1999 May-Jun;77(3):85-94, 209.
In boom times, it is easy for managers to forget about risk. And not just financial risk, but organizational and operational risk as well. Now there's the risk exposure calculator, a new tool that will help managers determine exactly where and how much internal risk is mounting in their companies. The risk calculator is divided into three parts: The first set of "keys" alerts managers to the pressures that come from growth. Now that the company has taken off, are employees feeling increased pressure to perform? Is the company's infrastructure becoming overloaded? And are more new employees coming on board as the company rushes to fill positions? If the answer is yes to any one of those questions, then risk may be rising to dangerous levels. The second set of keys on the calculator highlights pressures that arise from corporate culture. Are too many rewards being given for entrepreneurial risk taking? Are executives becoming so resistant to bad news that no one feels comfortable alerting them to problems? And is the company's level of internal competition so high that employees see promotion as a zero-sum game? The final set of pressures, the author says, revolves around information management. When calculating these pressures, managers should ask themselves, what was the company's complexity, volume, and velocity of information a year ago? Have they risen? By how much? How much of the time am I doing the work that a computer system should be doing? High pressure on many or all of these points should set off alarm bells for managers. To control risk, managers have four levers of control at their disposal that will show them where they need to make organizational adjustments.
在经济繁荣时期,管理者很容易忽视风险。而且不仅仅是财务风险,还包括组织和运营风险。现在有了风险暴露计算器,这是一种新工具,将帮助管理者准确确定公司内部风险在何处以及以何种程度在增加。风险计算器分为三个部分:第一组“关键因素”提醒管理者注意来自增长的压力。既然公司已经腾飞,员工是否感到业绩压力增大?公司的基础设施是否变得不堪重负?随着公司急于填补职位空缺,是否有更多新员工加入?如果对这些问题中的任何一个回答是肯定的,那么风险可能正在上升到危险水平。计算器上的第二组关键因素突出了企业文化产生的压力。对于承担创业风险是否给予了过多奖励?高管们是否对坏消息如此抵触,以至于没有人敢向他们通报问题?公司内部竞争程度是否如此之高,以至于员工将晋升视为一场零和博弈?作者说,最后一组压力围绕着信息管理。在计算这些压力时,管理者应该问自己,一年前公司信息的复杂性、数量和速度是怎样的?它们是否增加了?增加了多少?我有多少时间在做本应由计算机系统完成的工作?许多或所有这些方面的高压应该给管理者敲响警钟。为了控制风险,管理者有四个可支配的控制杠杆,这些杠杆将向他们表明需要在哪些方面进行组织调整。